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Surface processes in microgravity for landing and sampling site selection of asteroid missions-Suggestions for MarcoPolo-R

机译：小行星任务着陆和采样地点选择的微重力表面处理-MarcoPolo-R的建议

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摘要

Surface properties of small asteroids are reviewed in this work focusing on microgravity related processes in order to give constrains for targeting sample acquisition by next missions, especially for MarcoPolo-R proposed by ESA. Based on our current knowledge and the planned capabilities of this mission, good chance exists to get answers for the following basic questions. Formation method of nanophase iron and amorphous ingredients in the regolith could be determined, surface particle size and regolith density estimation would also be gained, and with extrapolation to the rest of the surface, knowledge on transport processes, ages and results of cratering under special gravity-strength regime will be improved. Searching for fresh material on asteroid surface in general requires sophisticated effort, as small craters often do not produce much ejecta in microgravity, but the bright annuli around them could be the result of local surface disturbance, while slopes often exhibit fresh material. To identify these locations high albedo, bluer colour and occasionally the depth of 1 μm absorption band could be useful as they often change parallel to each other. To identify the best area for sample acquisition addresses a strategic question: while smooth terrains with easy navigation and sample acquisition provide strongly weathered fine grains; steeper terrains give access to less weathered, material more representative for the whole asteroid, but navigation and mechanical sampling rise difficulties there.
机译：在这项工作中，对小行星的表面特性进行了综述，重点是与微重力有关的过程，以便为下一个任务特别是欧空局提出的MarcoPolo-R的目标样品采集提供约束。根据我们目前的知识和该任务的计划能力，很可能有机会获得以下基本问题的答案。可以确定硬质合金中纳米相铁和无定形成分的形成方法，还可以获得表面粒径和硬质合金密度的估计，并且通过推断到表面的其余部分，可以了解有关运输过程，年龄和特殊重力下的坑坑形成结果的知识。强度制度将得到改善。通常，在小行星表面上寻找新鲜的物质需要付出复杂的努力，因为小陨石坑通常不会在微重力中产生很多弹射，但是围绕它们的明亮环形空间可能是局部表面扰动的结果，而斜坡通常会表现出新鲜的物质。为了确定这些位置，反照率较高，颜色较蓝，有时吸收带的深度为1μm，因为它们经常彼此平行变化，因此很有用。确定最佳的样品采集区域解决了一个战略性问题：平滑的地形，易于导航和样品采集提供了风化的细颗粒；陡峭的地形使风化程度降低，而整个小行星的材料更具代表性，但是导航和机械采样增加了那里的难度。

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