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Habitability: Where to look for life? Halophilic habitats: Earth analogs to study Mars habitability

机译：适居性：在哪里寻找生活？嗜盐生境：研究火星宜居性的地球类似物

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摘要

Oxidative stress, high radiation doses, low temperature and pressure are parameters which made Mars's surface adverse for life. Those conditions found on Mars surface are harsh conditions for life to deal with. Life, as we know it on Earth, needs several requirements for its establishment but, the only "sine qua nom" element is water. Extremophilic microorganisms widened the window of possibilities for life to develop in the universe, and as a consequence on Mars. Recently reported results in extreme environments indicate the possibility of presence of "oasys" for life in microniches due to water deliquescence in salts deposits. The compilation of data produced by the ongoing missions (Mars Clobal Surveyor, Mars Odyssey, Mars Express and Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity) offers a complete^ different view from that reported by Viking missions: signs of an early wet Mars and rather recent volcanic activity. The discovery of important accumulations of sulfates, and the existence of iron minerals like jarosite, goethite and hematite in rocks of sedimentary origin has allowed specific terrestrial models related with this type of mineralogy to come into focus. Rio Tinto (Southwestern Spain, Iberian Pyritic Belt) is an extreme acidic environment, product of the chemolithotrophic activity of microorganisms that thrive in the massive pyrite-rich deposits of the Iberian Pyritic Belt. The high concentration of ferric iron and sulfates, products of the metabolism of pyrite, generate a collection of minerals, mainly gypsum, jarosite, goethite and hematites, all of which have been detected in different regions of Mars. Some particular protective environments or elements could house organic molecules or the first bacterial life forms on Mars surface. Terrestrial analogs could help us to afford its comprehension. We are reporting here some preliminary studies about endolithic niches inside salt deposits used by phototrophs for taking advantage of sheltering particular light wavelengths. These acidic salts deposits located in Rio Tinto shelter life forms which are difficult to localize by eye. Techniques for its localization and study during space missions are needed to develop. Extreme environments are good scenarios where to test and train those techniques and where hypothetical astrobiological space missions could be simulated for increasing possibilities of micro niches identification.
机译：氧化应力，高辐射剂量，低温和高压是使火星表面不利于生命的参数。在火星表面发现的那些条件是应对生命的严酷条件。正如我们在地球上所知，生命需要建立生命的几个条件，但唯一的“正弦量子”元素是水。极端的微生物拓宽了生命在宇宙中发展的可能性之窗，从而扩大了火星的生存范围。最近报道的在极端环境下的结果表明，由于盐沉积物中的水潮解，微生态位中可能存在“ oasys”。正在进行中的任务（火星Clobal勘测员，火星奥德赛，火星快车和火星探测漫游者机遇）产生的数据汇编提供了与维京任务所报告的观点完全不同的观点：早期湿火星的迹象以及近期的火山活动。在沉积源性岩石中发现了重要的硫酸盐积累以及黄铁矿，针铁矿和赤铁矿等铁矿物质的存在，使得与这种矿物学有关的特定地球模型成为人们关注的焦点。力拓（西班牙西南部，伊比利亚黄铁矿带）是一种极端酸性环境，是微生物在化石营养活动中product壮成长的产物，这些微生物在伊比利亚黄铁矿的大量富含黄铁矿的矿床中壮成长。高浓度的铁铁和硫酸盐（黄铁矿的代谢产物）会产生一系列矿物质，主要是石膏，黄钾铁矾，针铁矿和赤铁矿，所有这些矿物质都已在火星的不同地区被发现。一些特定的保护环境或元素可能会容纳有机分子或在火星表面形成第一批细菌。地面类似物可以帮助我们负担得起它的理解。我们在这里报告了一些初步研究，这些研究是关于养光养分利用盐遮蔽物内部的壁ni的利基，以利用遮蔽特定光波长的优势。这些位于力拓（Rio Tinto）的酸性盐沉积物掩盖了难以用肉眼定位的生命形式。需要开发其在太空任务期间进行定位和研究的技术。极端环境是测试和培训这些技术的好方案，可以模拟假设的天体生物学太空任务以增加微生态位识别的可能性。

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  • 来源
    《Planetary and space science》 |2012年第1期|p.48-55|共8页
  • 作者

    F. Gomez; J.A. Rodriguez-Manfredi; N. Rodriguez; M. Fernandez-Sampedro; F.J. Caballero-Castrejon; R. Amils;

  • 作者单位

    Centro de Astrobiologia (INTA-CSIC), Crtra. Torrejon a Ajalvir Km 4, Torrejon de Ardoz, Madrid 28850, Spain;

    Centro de Astrobiologia (INTA-CSIC), Crtra. Torrejon a Ajalvir Km 4, Torrejon de Ardoz, Madrid 28850, Spain;

    Centro de Astrobiologia (INTA-CSIC), Crtra. Torrejon a Ajalvir Km 4, Torrejon de Ardoz, Madrid 28850, Spain;

    Centro de Astrobiologia (INTA-CSIC), Crtra. Torrejon a Ajalvir Km 4, Torrejon de Ardoz, Madrid 28850, Spain;

    Centro de Astrobiologia (INTA-CSIC), Crtra. Torrejon a Ajalvir Km 4, Torrejon de Ardoz, Madrid 28850, Spain;

    Centro de Astrobiologia (INTA-CSIC), Crtra. Torrejon a Ajalvir Km 4, Torrejon de Ardoz, Madrid 28850, Spain,Centro de Biologia Molecular Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain;

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  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
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  • 关键词

    endolithic micro environments; astrobiology;

    机译：内石器微环境;天体生物学;

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