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Future Mars geophysical observatories for understanding its internal structure, rotation, and evolution

机译:未来的火星地球物理观测站,以了解其内部结构,旋转和演化

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Our fundamental understanding of the interior of the Earth comes from seismology, geodesy, geochemistry, geomagnetism, geothermal studies, and petrology. For the Earth, measurements in those disciplines of geophysics have revealed the basic internal layering of the Earth, its dynamical regime, its thermal structure, its gross compositional stratification, as well as significant lateral variations in these quantities. Planetary interiors not only record evidence of conditions of planetary accretion and differentiation, they exert significant control on surface environments. We present recent advances in possible in-situ investigations of the interior of Mars, experiments and strategies that can provide unique and critical information about the fundamental processes of terrestrial planet formation and evolution. Such investigations applied on Mars have been ranked as a high priority in virtually every set of European, US and international high-level planetary science recommendations for the past 30 years. New seismologica! methods and approaches based on the cross-correlation of seismic noise by two seismic stations/landers on the surface of Mars and on joint seismic/orbiter detection of meteorite impacts, as well as the improvement of the performance of Very Broad-Band (VBB) seismometers have made it possible to secure a rich scientific return with only two simultaneously recording stations. In parallel, use of interferometric methods based on two Earth-Mars radio links simultaneously from landers tracked from Earth has increased the precision of radio science experiments by one order of magnitude. Magnetometer and heat flow measurements will complement seismic and geodetic data in order to obtain the best information on the interior of Mars.
机译:我们对地球内部的基本了解来自地震学,大地测量学,地球化学,地磁学,地热研究和岩石学。对于地球,这些地球物理学学科的测量揭示了地球的基本内部分层,其动力状态,其热结构,其总成分分层以及这些量的显着横向变化。行星内部不仅记录了行星增生和分化条件的证据,而且还对地表环境进行了重要控制。我们介绍了火星内部可能进行的原位调查,实验和策略方面的最新进展,这些实验和策略可以提供有关地球行星形成和演化的基本过程的独特且重要的信息。在过去30年中,几乎所有欧洲,美国和国际高水平行星科学建议都将对火星进行的此类研究列为高度优先事项。新地震学!方法和方法基于火星表面两个地震台站/着陆器的地震噪声的互相关和陨石撞击的联合地震/轨道器检测以及甚宽带(VBB)性能的改善地震仪仅通过两个同时记录站就可以确保获得丰富的科学回报。同时,同时使用来自地球的跟踪着陆器的两条地球-火星无线电链路的干涉测量方法将无线电科学实验的精度提高了一个数量级。磁力计和热流测量将补充地震和大地测量数据,以获得有关火星内部的最佳信息。

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