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Computer simulating of stellar tracks for observations with the lunar polar telescope

机译：计算机模拟恒星轨道，用月球极地望远镜观测

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A brief description of targets and problems of the future Japanese project ILOM (In situ Lunar Orientation Measurement), which is planned to be realized as one of kinds of observations of lunar rotation at the second stage of SELENE-2 mission, is given in the article. One of the important elements of the project is placing of a small optical telescope on the lunar surface with the purpose to detect the lunar physical libration with high accuracy of 0.001 arc sec. Computer simulation of the future observations is being done with the purpose of their optimisation: effective placement of measuring system on the lunar surface and formation of scheduling of observations for monitoring the physical libration of the Moon. The results of the first stage of the simulation are presented in the paper. At this stage the software for the selection of stars and reduction of their coordinates onto the period of observations is developed, the tracks for the selected stars are constructed and analysed, their sensitivity to the internal characteristics of the lunar body, in the first place, to the selenopotential coefficients, is tested. Analyses of simulated stellar tracks observable from the lunar surface (in a polar zone) revealed a difference from daily parallels of stars in comparison with ground based observations. During one "lunar day" equal to 27.3 terrestrial days, a star moves along a spiral. In dependence on the longitude of the star, these spirals can be untwisted or twisted. In the latter case a star can describe a loop in the sky of the Moon during the observation period. The reason of such unusual astrometry phenomenon is the combination of the slow rotation of the Moon as compared with the Earth and the fast precession motion of the lunar pole (in comparison with precession motion of a terrestrial pole). Due to the physical libration the shifts of all tracks will be observed towards direction opposite the Earth. The tracks are sensitive to gravity model of the Moon and are different even for the most accurate modern gravity field models—LP150Q(Konopliv, 2000) and SGMlOOh (Matsumoto et al., 2010).
机译：在未来的日本项目ILOM（原位月球定向测量）中，目标和问题的简要说明在计划中给出，该项目计划作为SELENE-2任务第二阶段的月球旋转观测之一而实现。文章。该项目的重要内容之一是在月球表面放置一个小型光学望远镜，目的是以0.001弧秒的高精度检测月球的物理自由度。为了优化未来的观测结果，正在对它们进行计算机模拟：将测量系统有效地放置在月球表面上，并形成观测计划以监视月球的物理释放。本文介绍了模拟的第一阶段的结果。在这一阶段，开发了用于选择恒星并将其坐标简化到观测期内的软件，首先构建并分析了选定恒星的航迹，分析了它们对月球内部特征的敏感性，的电势系数被测试。从月球表面（在极地区域）可观察到的模拟恒星轨迹的分析显示，与基于地面的观测相比，它与恒星的每日平行线有所不同。在相当于地球27.3天的“月球日”期间，一颗恒星沿着螺旋形运动。取决于恒星的经度，这些螺旋可以不扭曲或不扭曲。在后一种情况下，恒星可以描述观测期间月球天空中的回旋。这种不寻常的天文观测现象的原因是，与地球相比，月球的自转速度慢，与月球极的进动运动（与地极的进动运动相比）相结合。由于物理上的自由，将观察到所有轨道向与地球相反的方向移动。轨道对月球的重力模型很敏感，即使对于最精确的现代重力场模型LP150Q（Konopliv，2000）和SGM1000h（Matsumoto等，2010）也不同。

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