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首页> 外文期刊>Planetary and space science >The 2009 Apparition of methuselah comet 107P/Wilson-Harrington: A case of comet rejuvenation?
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The 2009 Apparition of methuselah comet 107P/Wilson-Harrington: A case of comet rejuvenation?

机译：2009年的methuselah彗星幻影107P / Wilson-Harrington：一例彗星复兴？

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The 2009 apparition of comet 107P was observed with a variety of instruments from six observatories. The main results of this investigation are: (1) 107P/Wilson-Harrington was found to be active not only in 1949 but also in 1979,1992,2005 and 2009. The activity is very weak and produces only a slight brightness increase above the nucleus. (A_(sec)=V_(nuc)(1.1,0)- m(1,1) < 1 mag). Since the amount of solar energy received by the object at perihelion has been monotonically increasing since 1928, we conclude that the comet has been active at all apparitions ever after. The probability that the activity in 1949 or in 2009 was due to a surface impact is very small. (2) The rotational period has been determined. We find P_(ROT)=6.093 ± 0.002 h. The amplitude of the rotational light curve (peak to valley) is A_(ROT)=0.20 ± 0.01 mag in V. From this data the minimum ratio of semi-axis is (a/b)_(MIN)= 1.20 ± 0.02. The rotational light curve is identical to the shape of a saw tooth. The shape of the object must be peculiar and has sharp edges. (3) This is the first time that the phase curve of a comet has been determined in three colors, 6, V and R. We find B(1,1,α)= 16.88( ± 0.06)+ 0.041(± 0.001)α,V(1.1.α)=16.31(±0.04)+0.043( ±0.001 )α, and R(1,1,α)=15.90(±0.04)+0.039(± 0.001 )α. (4) From the phase curves color indices can be deduced when the comet is not active. We find V-B=0.57 ± 0.07 and V-R=0.41 ± 0.06. (5) Assuming a geometric albedo p_v=0.04 and the absolute magnitude from the phase plot, we find an effective diameter free from rotational modulation D_(EFFE)= 3.67 ± 0.06 km. (6) The secular light curves are presented. The comet is slightly active above the nucleus line (A_(sec)(1,LAG)=0.36 ± 0.10 mag), but did not exhibited a coma. Activity started +26 ± 1 d after perihelion. Using the definition of photometric age, we find T-AGE=4700 (+6000, -1700)cy (comet years), an exceedingly old object, a methuselah comet (7) In the 2009 apparition no tail and no coma were detected using more sensitive detectors than on 1949. This is good evidence to conclude that this object is very near extinction and belongs to the graveyard of comets. In a Remaining Revolutions vs. Water-Budget Age plot, we have identified the region of the graveyard, and 107P is a member of this group. (8) Using the amplitude of the secular light curve (A_(sec)) vs. Diameter (D_(effe)) diagram (Fig. 15), we show that 107P is the most evolved object in the current data base of comets. In the classification scheme of Ferrin (PSS, 58,365-391,2010), 107P is a methuselah comet (WB-AGE=7800 > 100 comet years), medium size (1.4< D_(EFFE)=3.67 < 6 km) nucleus, fast rotating (P_(ROT)=6.093 h< 7 h), belonging to the graveyard of comets (the region with A_(sec) < 1 mag in Fig. 15 or 1.000 cy < WB-AGE in Fig. 18), that must be very near its dormant phase, were not for the fact that this comet is temporarily being rejuvenated due to a trend of apparitions with decreasing perihelion distances. (9) Since the general flow of the sample is down and to the left in the A_(SEC) vs. D_(effe) diagram, and since this flow has been going on for centuries, and since dwarf comets evolve much more rapidly than large comets, the existence of a significant population of dormant and extinct comets located in the lower left region of the diagram is predicted. This is the graveyard. Three comets have been identified as members of the graveyard, 107P, 133P and D/1891W1 Blanpain.
机译：2009年对107P彗星的观测是由六个观测站的各种仪器观测到的。这项研究的主要结果是：（1）发现107P / Wilson-Harrington不仅在1949年而且在1979、1992、2005和2009年都很活跃。该活动非常微弱，仅在高于109P / Wilson-Harrington时才有轻微的亮度增加。核。 （A_（sec）= V_（nuc）（1.1,0）-m（1,1）<1 mag）。自从1928年以来，物体在近日点处接收到的太阳能量一直在单调增加，因此我们得出结论，此彗星从此以后在所有幻影中都一直活跃。 1949年或2009年的活动是由于表面撞击造成的可能性很小。 （2）旋转周期已确定。我们发现P_（ROT）= 6.093±0.002 h。旋转光曲线的幅度（峰谷）为V的A_（ROT）= 0.20±0.01 mag。从该数据中，半轴的最小比率为（a / b）_（MIN）= 1.20±0.02。旋转光曲线与锯齿的形状相同。物体的形状必须是奇特的并且具有锋利的边缘。 （3）这是首次确定彗星的相位曲线有6种，V和R这三种颜色。我们发现B（1,1，α）= 16.88（±0.06）+ 0.041（±0.001） α，V（1.1.α）= 16.31（±0.04）+0.043（±0.001）α，R（1,1，α）= 15.90（±0.04）+0.039（±0.001）α。 （4）当彗星不活跃时，可以从相位曲线推导出颜色指数。我们发现V-B = 0.57±0.07和V-R = 0.41±0.06。 （5）假设几何反照率p_v = 0.04，并且从相位图中得出绝对大小，我们发现没有旋转调制D_（EFFE）= 3.67±0.06 km的有效直径。 （6）给出了长期光曲线。彗星在核线上方略微活跃（A_（sec）（1，LAG）= 0.36±0.10 mag），但没有表现出昏迷。活动在近日点后+26±1 d开始。使用光度年龄的定义，我们发现T-AGE = 4700（+6000，-1700）cy（彗星年），一个非常古老的物体，一颗甲基彗星（7）。在2009年的幻影中，没有发现尾巴并且没有昏迷比1949年的探测器更灵敏。这是有力的证据，可以断定该物体非常接近灭绝，并且属于彗星墓地。在“剩余的转数与水预算年龄”图中，我们确定了墓地的区域，并且107P是该组的成员。 （8）使用世俗光曲线的幅度（A_（sec））与直径（D_（effe））的关系图（图15），我们表明107P是当前彗星数据库中发展最快的对象。在Ferrin（PSS，58,365-391,2010）的分类方案中，107P是一颗甲壳虫彗星（WB-AGE = 7800> 100彗星年），中等大小（1.4

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