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Imaging of neuro-cognitive performance in extreme Environments-A (p)review

机译：极端环境下的神经认知表现成像-A（p）综述

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摘要

Living in extreme environments is accompanied by a number of stressors, which can be classified either as physiological stressors (e.g. microgravity, missing sunlight) or psychological stressors (e.g. confinement). From earth bound studies a negative impact of stress on mental health and cognitive performance is well known and both factors might impair mission success and mission safety during longer inhabitation of space. Accordingly there is the need to identify adequate countermeasures. Nevertheless causal research of neuro-cognitive impairments in space remains speculative due to missing possibilities of brain imaging. Furthermore the reliability of current psychological tests used to assess and monitor cognitive performance in extreme environments seems to be vulnerable due to a lack of compliance. With on-going plans of international space agencies to send people to moon and/or mars, this manuscript aims to summarize and review research attempts of the past two decades and to identify methodological shortcomings. Finally, following the guideline that research has no legacy for its own but must serve the self-concept and well-being of man, this manuscript presents a number of recommendations to enhance future neuro-cognitive research in extreme environments. A deeper insight into neuro-cognitive coherence is not only desirable to understand the effects of stress on mental health, which seems to be a major issue for our current society, and to develop adequate countermeasures but will also help to maintain and improve mission success and mission safety in manned space flight.
机译：生活在极端环境中会伴随着许多压力源，这些压力源可分为生理压力源（例如微重力，缺少阳光）或心理压力源（例如禁闭）。从地球上进行的研究中，众所周知，压力会对心理健康和认知能力产生负面影响，并且这两个因素都可能在较长的空间居住期间损害任务的成功和任务的安全性。因此，需要确定适当的对策。然而，由于缺少脑成像的可能性，对空间神经认知障碍的因果研究仍然是推测性的。此外，由于缺乏依从性，目前用于评估和监测极端环境下的认知表现的心理测试的可靠性似乎很脆弱。根据国际太空机构将人类送往月球和/或火星的持续计划，该手稿旨在总结和回顾过去二十年的研究尝试，并找出方法上的缺陷。最后，遵循有关研究本身没有遗留，但必须服务于人类的自我概念和幸福的准则，该手稿提出了一些建议，以增强未来在极端环境中的神经认知研究。深入了解神经认知连贯性不仅是理解压力对心理健康的影响（这对我们当前社会来说似乎是一个主要问题）并制定适当的对策，而且有助于维持和改善任务的成功与否，也是人们所需要的。载人航天飞行中的任务安全。

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