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New views of the lunar plasma environment

机译：月球血浆环境的新观点

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摘要

A rich set of new measurements has greatly expanded our understanding of the Moon-plasma interaction over the last sixteen years, and helped demonstrate the fundamentally kinetic nature of many aspects thereof. Photon and charged particle impacts act to charge the lunar surface, forming thin Debye-scale plasma sheaths above both sunlit and shadowed hemispheres. These impacts also produce photoelectrons and secondary electrons from the surface, as well as ions from the surface and exosphere, all of which in turn feed back into the plasma environment. The solar wind interacts with sub-ion-inertial-scale crustal magnetic fields to form what may be the smallest magnetospheres in the solar system. Proton gyro-motion, solar wind pickup of protons scattered from the dayside surface, and plasma expansion into vacuum each affect the dynamics and structure of different portions of the lunar plasma wake. The Moon provides us with a basic plasma physics laboratory for the study of fundamental processes, some of which we cannot easily observe elsewhere. At the same time, the Moon provides us with a test bed for the study of processes that also operate at many other solar system bodies. We have learned much about the Moon-plasma interaction, with implications for other space and planetary environments. However, many fundamental problems remain unsolved, including the details of the coupling between various parts of the plasma environment, as well as between plasma and the surface, neutral exosphere, and dust. In this paper, we describe our current understanding of the lunar plasma environment, including illustrative new results from Lunar Prospector and Kaguya, and outstanding unsolved problems.
机译：在过去的十六年中，一系列丰富的新测量方法极大地扩展了我们对月血浆相互作用的理解，并帮助证明了其许多方面的根本动力学性质。光子和带电粒子的撞击使月球表面带电，在阳光和阴影半球上方形成了德比规模的薄等离子体鞘。这些撞击还会从表面产生光电子和二次电子，以及从表面和外层大气产生离子，所有这些反过来又反馈到等离子体环境中。太阳风与亚离子惯性尺度的地磁场相互作用，形成可能是太阳系中最小的磁层。质子的陀螺运动，从白天表面散射的质子的太阳风拾取以及等离子体向真空的膨胀，都会影响月球等离子体唤醒不同部分的动力学和结构。月球为我们提供了一个基本的等离子体物理实验室，用于研究基本过程，其中一些我们在其他地方不容易观察到。同时，月球为我们提供了一个试验台，用于研究在许多其他太阳系物体上也运行的过程。我们已经了解了很多有关月球-等离子体相互作用的知识，这对其他空间和行星环境都有影响。但是，许多基本问题仍未解决，包括等离子体环境各个部分之间以及等离子体与表面，中性大气层和尘埃之间耦合的细节。在本文中，我们描述了我们对月球血浆环境的当前理解，包括Lunar Prospector和Kaguya的说明性新结果以及未解决的突出问题。

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  • 来源
    《Planetary and space science》 |2011年第14期|p.1681-1694|共14页
  • 作者

    J.S. Halekas; Y. Saito; G.T. Delory; W.M. Farrell;

  • 作者单位

    Space Sciences Laboratory, 7 Gauss Way, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA,NASA's Lunar Science Institute, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA;

    Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5210, Japan;

    Space Sciences Laboratory, 7 Gauss Way, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA,NASA's Lunar Science Institute, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA;

    NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA,NASA's Lunar Science Institute, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA;

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  • 正文语种 eng
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  • 关键词

    moon; plasma;

    机译：月亮;等离子;

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