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Instrumental And Digital Coronagraphy For The Observation Of The Uranus Satellites' Upcoming Mutual Events

机译:仪器和数字日冕仪,用于观测天王星卫星即将发生的相互事件

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摘要

Ground-based observations of faint satellites nearby their planets with 1-2 m class telescopes usually do not allow for high quality astrometry and photometry, due to saturation by the primary or to poor S/N ratio on the satellite images, generally embedded on the scattered light of the planet. Earth-based observations of the Uranus satellites' upcoming mutual events in 2007-2008 are no exception. In most cases, the event will take place at 4 arcs or less from the planet, with "planet minus satellite" brightness differences of 10 magnitudes. So as to make feasible the observations of these important phenomena, we have developed a prototype of a coronagraph of simple design making use of good quality commercial optical systems. Pilot tests made with this coronagraph with a telescope of D = 1.6 m show that it is possible to obtain S/N ratios of 50 or higher for 10 s exposures, for satellites as close as 2 Uranus radii from the planet center. We have also developed numerical algorithms which perform digital coronagraphy in the images, with the elimination of the influence of the planets' scattered light. This procedure considerably improves the S/N ratio of the satellite images (with or without a coronagraph instrument) and shall be applied in the reduction of the observations of the Uranus events so as to achieve the highest possible photometric and astrometric quality.
机译:通常,由于主要图像饱和或卫星图像上的信噪比不佳(通常嵌入在卫星上),因此使用1-2 m级望远镜对行星附近的微弱卫星进行地面观测通常无法实现高质量的天文测量和光度测量。星球的散射光。天王星卫星即将在2007-2008年间发生的相互事件的地面观测也不例外。在大多数情况下,该事件将在距行星4弧度或更短的弧线上发生,“行星减去卫星”的亮度差为10个量级。为了使对这些重要现象的观察可行,我们开发了一种使用高质量商用光学系统的简单设计日冕仪原型。用日冕仪用D = 1.6 m望远镜进行的试验测试表明,对于距行星中心近2天王星半径的卫星,暴露10 s可获得50或更高的信噪比。我们还开发了数值算法,可在图像中执行数字日冕仪,消除了行星散射光的影响。该程序大大提高了卫星图像(有或没有日冕仪)的信噪比,并应用于减少天王星事件的观测,以实现最高的光度和天文质量。

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