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Introduction to Planetary and Space Science special issue 'astrobiology'

机译：行星与空间科学专刊“天体生物学”简介

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This Special Issue "Astrobiology" has its origin in a session entitled "Life detection in solar system exploration", held at the Goldschmidt Conference 2004, 5-11 June 2004, in Copenhagen, Denmark. The session was tailored to cover specific aspects of astrobiology-driven research, namely research and development dedicated to the detection of possible traces of life in the solar system, with a specific focus on Mars exploration. Although approximately 2 years have passed since the occasion of the conference, the subject has not lost any of its actuality and relevance. For example, since then, the European Space Agency (ESA)'s Mars Express mission and NASA's Mars Exploration Rovers "Spirit" and "Opportunity" have produced a wealth of new data and knowledge on and about Mars, and with these missions still ongoing continue to do so. These remarkable results confirm what was long believed, that Mars once was a more "life-friendly" planet than it is today. Significantly, they have shown that liquid water contributed to shaping the surfaces in the history of Mars and played a role in the deposition of water-lain sediments, including evaporitic mineral assemblies, as well as clay minerals and other hydrated phyllosilicates. This has fueled the discussion on whether or not there may be subsurface aquifers. Taking these observations together with possible evidence of recent volcanic activity and the possible discovery of methane in the Martian atmosphere, Mars is a prime target for future astrobiology-driven exploration missions.
机译：本刊物《天体生物学》起源于2004年6月5日至11日在丹麦哥本哈根举行的2004年Goldschmidt会议上举行的题为“太阳系探测中的生命探测”的会议。会议专为涵盖天体生物学驱动的研究的各个方面而量身定做，即致力于检测太阳系中可能存在的生命痕迹的研究与开发，特别侧重于火星探测。尽管自会议召开以来已经过去了大约2年，但该主题并未失去任何现实性和相关性。例如，从那时起，欧洲航天局（ESA）的火星快车任务和美国国家航空航天局的火星探测漫游者“精神”和“机会”就产生了有关火星的大量新数据和知识，并且这些任务仍在进行中继续这样做。这些非凡的结果证实了人们长期以来一直认为的，火星曾经是一个比今天更“生命友好”的星球。重要的是，他们已经表明，液态水在火星历史上有助于塑造表面，并在包括蒸发矿物组合物，粘土矿物和其他水合层状硅酸盐在内的水沉积物的沉积中发挥了作用。这激发了关于是否可能存在地下含水层的讨论。结合这些观察结果以及近期火山活动的可能证据以及在火星大气中可能发现的甲烷，火星是未来由天体生物学驱动的勘探任务的主要目标。

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