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Prime candidate sites for astrobiological exploration through the hydrogeological history of Mars

机译：通过火星的水文地质史进行天体生物学探索的主要候选地点

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The hydrogeological evolution of Mars has been proposed to be dominated by the development of the Tharsis Magmatic Complex through superplume activity, with related magmatic-pulse-driven flood inundations that directly influence the shaping of the northern plains, the evolution of the atmosphere and climate, and subsurface and surface water processes. On the other hand, several possible biological models and terrestrial analogues have been suggested for Mars during the last decade, including the description of putative microfossils and the proposal of sedimentary units. Here we revisit these scenarios and present a possible bridge that integrates the geological, paleohydrological, and the putative biological histories of the planet. We primarily focus on the Noachian, a time period that arguably has recorded an inner dynamo, plate tectonics, and an ocean that may have covered one-third of the total surface area of Mars, due to its implications on the possible origin and early evolution of life. This stage is followed by a long-lived cold and dry phase, briefly punctuated by transient magmatic-driven hydrological cycles, dominated by a stagnant-lid/ superplume regime, which directly influences the processes of natural selection on the putative early biosphere. Based on this hypothesized evolution of the planet, we suggest three martian locations as prime candidate sites for astrobiological exploration, each one corresponding to an inundation period: Meridiani Planum (Noachian/Early Hesperian), Mangala Valles (Late Hesperian/ Early Amazonian), and Orcus Patera (Amazonian).
机译：有人提出，火星的水文地质演化将以塔西斯岩浆复合体通过超软泥岩活动的发展为主导，相关岩浆脉冲驱动的洪水泛滥直接影响北部平原的形成，大气和气候的演变，以及地下和地表水过程。另一方面，在过去的十年中，有人提出了几种可能的火星生物学模型和地球类似物，包括对推测的微化石的描述和沉积单元的提议。在这里，我们重新审视这些情况，并提出一个可能的桥梁，该桥梁整合了地球的地质，古水文和假定的生物历史。我们主要关注Noachian，这个时期可以说是记录了内部发电机，板块构造以及可能覆盖了火星总表面积三分之一的海洋，这是由于其对可能的起源和早期演化的影响生活。此阶段之后是长期的寒冷和干燥阶段，短暂的岩浆驱动的水文循环短暂地将其打断，其主要是死气沉沉的上盖/超软泥体，这直接影响了假定的早期生物圈的自然选择过程。根据这个假设的行星演化，我们建议将三个火星位置作为占星生物学探索的主要候选地点，每个火星位置对应一个淹没时期：Meridiani Planum（Noachian / Early Hesperian），Mangala Valles（Late Hesperian / Early Amazonian）和Orcus Patera（亚马逊人）。

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