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Meteoritical evidence and constraints on asteroid impacts and disruption

机译：小行星撞击和破坏的气象证据和限制

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Impact events have played a central role in the life of meteorites. They compacted and lithified the dust from which meteorites are made; produced shock minerals, shock melting, and shock blackening of meteoritic minerals on their parent bodies; turned their parent bodies into rubble; and dispersed at least some pieces of this rubble, sending them to Earth as meteorites. Thus, as well as owing their very existence to the occurrence of catastrophic disruptions, meteorites contain physical ground truth concerning the impact and disruption environment of the solar system. Reviewing these aspects of the impact-meteorite connection, we conclude that impacts severe enough to disrupt asteroids were rare in the earliest stages of the solar nebula, when meteorite parent bodies accreted and were lithified. Likewise, though catastrophic disruptions clearly have occurred over the past several billion years, the small number of exposure events seen in the meteoritic cosmic ray age record indicates that such disruptions at these times also were rare. However, catastrophic disruptions must have been very prevalent during the first billion years of the solar system, resulting in the widespread asteroid macroporosity inferred from the comparison of asteroid bulk densities to meteorite grain densities.
机译：撞击事件在陨石的生命中起着核心作用。他们将制造陨石的尘土压实并石化。在其母体上产生冲击矿物，冲击熔解和陨石冲击变黑；把他们的母体变成了瓦砾；并至少分散一些碎石，将它们作为陨石送到地球。因此，陨石不仅由于其灾难性破坏的存在而存在，还包含与太阳系的撞击和破坏环境有关的物理事实。回顾撞击-陨石联系的这些方面，我们得出的结论是，在陨石母体增加并结石化时，在太阳星云的最早阶段很少发生足以破坏小行星的严重撞击。同样，尽管在过去的数十亿年中显然发生了灾难性破坏，但在流星宇宙射线年龄记录中看到的少量曝光事件表明，在这些时候这种破坏也很少见。然而，在太阳系的前十亿年中，灾难性破坏必定非常普遍，导致从小行星体积密度与陨石晶粒密度的比较推断出广泛的小行星大孔隙。

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