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Monitoring Venus and communications relay from Lagrange Points

机译：从Lagrange点监控金星和通讯中继

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Orbits around the two close collinear Sun-Earth Lagrange points have been utilized in recent decades for many solar and astronomical missions to exploit the observational advantages. DSCOVR is the first satellite to observe Earth continuously from the vicinity of the L1 point and is filing a crucial gap in Earth observations with its vast collection of polar, geosynchronous and some retrograde low inclination orbits. Spacecraft orbiting Venus in the last four decades have provided us with a wealth of information and many unanswered questions, which cannot be addressed adequately by observing from polar or near equatorial orbits around the planet. The Sun-Venus collinear Lagrange points L1 (sunward) and L2 (behind the planet from the Sun) points are key vantage points located about a million km away from the planet along the direction to the Sun which enable continuous monitoring of the planet's day and night hemispheres. As spacecraft positions at L1 and L2 points are unstable, they can be inserted in orbits around them to observe Venus over a small range of phase angles unlike any Venus orbiter observations which cover 0-180 degrees solar phase angle twice each orbit for a very long time with minimal station keeping costs. To help better understand Venus, we propose that monitoring Venus continuously at nearly the same phase angle from the vicinity of L1 and L2 Lagrange points is critical. Such Lagrange orbiters around Sun-Venus L1 and L2 points can provide crucial information continuously about the evolution and variability of: (i) reflectance of the global cloud cover, (ii) the night side cloud cover opacity, (iii) surface activity, and (iv) interaction of planet's atmosphere with the solar wind, and loss of atmosphere. In addition, the two Lagrange orbiters can provide a crucial continuous communications capability for relaying data from in-situ atmospheric or surface platforms. Well instrumented missions to L1 and L2 points of Venus would significantly improve our understanding Earth's perplexing neighbor by obtaining continuous record of data on the day and night hemispheres not available from Venus orbiting missions.
机译：近几十年来，围绕两个接近的共线太阳-地球拉格朗日点周围的轨道已用于许多太阳和天文任务，以利用观测的优势。 DSCOVR是第一颗从L1点附近连续观测地球的卫星，并且由于其极地，地球同步和一些逆行的低倾角轨道的大量收集而在地球观测中形成了关键的差距。在过去的四十年中，金星绕太空飞行器为我们提供了丰富的信息和许多未解决的问题，而通过从地球的极地或赤道附近的轨道进行观测无法充分解决。太阳-维纳斯共线的拉格朗日点L1（向阳）和L2（太阳之后的行星）点是关键的有利位置，它们沿着行星向太阳的方向位于距行星约一百万公里的位置，从而可以连续监视行星的日和夜半球。由于航天器在L1和L2点的位置不稳定，因此可以将它们插入其周围的轨道中以在较小的相角范围内观测金星，这与任何维纳斯轨道器观测到的太阳角相差0-180度（每个轨道两次很长时间）不同最少的站点维护时间。为了更好地了解金星，我们建议从L1和L2拉格朗日点附近以几乎相同的相位角连续监视金星至关重要。这些围绕太阳金星L1和L2点的拉格朗日轨道器可以连续提供有关以下方面的演化和可变性的重要信息：（i）全球云层的反射率；（ii）夜间云层的不透明度；（iii）表面活动；以及（iv）行星大气层与太阳风的相互作用，以及大气层的损失。另外，两个拉格朗日轨道器可以提供至关重要的连续通信能力，以中继来自原位大气或地面平台的数据。通过对金星轨道任务无法获得的昼夜半球连续记录数据，对金星的L1和L2点进行良好装备的任务将大大提高我们对地球困惑的邻居的了解。

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