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Mars in situ resource utilization: a review

机译：火星原位资源利用：回顾

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摘要

We provide a review of the development of systems to utilize natural resources on Mars to enable advanced missions. We review the rationale, history, available resources, systems technologies and an on-going NASA program to mature a selected integrated system. Key literature is referenced throughout. Our coverage is NASA-centric and focuses on relatively mature technologies. This approach to space flight, named in situ resource utilization (ISRU), forms an important element in NASA's plans to accomplish human missions to explore and pioneer the planet Mars. The approaches described herein are formulated around the proposed and evolving architecture for such a mission campaign. These same types of systems could however be used for robotic exploration such as a sample return mission. ISRU is a very immature space technology having never flown in space before although some potential components such as cryo-coolers and Sabatier reactors have. As such, it is imperative to pursue the development and maturation of this technology because of the key role it plays in enabling the first human missions and its essential role in supporting any kind of long-term human occupation. The intent of this review is to provide engineers and mission designers with a comprehensive introduction to the current state-of-the-art with the hope of facilitating its further development and integration into the many interconnected space systems including propulsion, power, life support, mobility, and planetary scientific research.
机译：我们对利用火星上的自然资源执行高级任务的系统的开发进行了回顾。我们将审查基本原理，历史，可用资源，系统技术以及正在进行的NASA计划，以使选定的集成系统成熟。全文引用了关键文献。我们的服务范围以NASA为中心，并专注于相对成熟的技术。这种被称为原位资源利用（ISRU）的太空飞行方法，是NASA完成人类探索和开拓火星任务的计划的重要组成部分。本文描述的方法是围绕此类任务战役的拟议和不断发展的体系结构制定的。但是，这些相同类型的系统可以用于机器人探索，例如样品返回任务。 ISRU是一种非常不成熟的太空技术，尽管低温制冷器和Sabatier反应堆等某些潜在组件具备，但从未在太空中飞行过。因此，迫切需要追求这项技术的发展和成熟，因为它在实现首次人类任务中起着关键作用，并且在支持任何长期人类占领中起着至关重要的作用。此次审核的目的是向工程师和任务设计师全面介绍当前的最新技术，以期促进其进一步发展并将其集成到许多相互连接的空间系统中，包括推进力，动力，生命支持，流动性和行星科学研究。

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