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首页> 外文期刊>Plant and Cell Physiology >The Duplicated B-class MADS-Box Genes Display Dualistic Characters in Orchid Floral Organ Identity and Growth
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The Duplicated B-class MADS-Box Genes Display Dualistic Characters in Orchid Floral Organ Identity and Growth

机译：重复的B类MADS框基因在兰花花器官的身份和生长中显示二元性。

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Orchidaceae are an excellent model to examine perianth development because of their sophisticated floral architecture. In this study, we identified 24 APETALA3 (AP3)-like and 13 PISTILLA (PI)-like genes from 11 species of orchids and characterized them into four AP3- and two PI-duplicated homologs. The first duplication event in AP3 homologs occurring in the early evolutionary history of the Orchidaceae gave rise to AP3A and AP3B clades. Further duplication events resulted in four subclades, namely AP3A1, AP3A2, AP3B1 and AP3B2, during the evolution of Orchidaceae. The AP3 paralogous genes were expressed throughout inflorescence and floral bud development. From the in situ hybridization results, we noticed that the transition timings from ubiquitous to constrained expression in floral organs for both clades are different. The transition point of expression of the AP3A clade (clades 3 and 4) was at the late floral organ primordia stage. In contrast, that for the AP3B clade (clades 1 and 2) was not observed until the late inflorescence and floral bud stages. In addition, the AP3 orthologous genes revealed diverse expression patterns in various species of orchids, whereas the PI homologs were uniformly expressed in all floral whorls. AP3A2 orthologs play a noticeable role in lip formation because of their exclusive expression in the lip. Further evidence comes from the ectopic expression of AP3A2 detected in the lip-like petals extending from the lip in four sets of peloric mutants. Finally, a Homeotic Orchid Tepal (HOT) model is proposed, in which dualistic characters of duplicated B-class MADS-box genes are involved in orchid perianth development and growth.
机译：兰花科由于其复杂的花卉结构而成为检验花被发育的极佳模型。在这项研究中，我们从11种兰花中鉴定了24个APETALA3（AP3）样和13个PISTILLA（PI）样基因，并将其特征化为四个AP3和两个PI重复同源物。在兰科的早期进化史中发生的AP3同源物中的第一个复制事件产生了AP3A和AP3B进化枝。在兰科的进化过程中，进一步的复制事件导致了四个子分支，即AP3A1，AP3A2，AP3B1和AP3B2。 AP3旁系基因在整个花序和花蕾发育过程中表达。从原位杂交结果中，我们注意到两个进化枝在花器官中从普遍表达到受约束表达的过渡时期是不同的。 AP3A进化枝（进化枝3和4）的表达过渡点是在花器官原基末期。相反，直到后期花序和花蕾阶段才观察到AP3B进化枝（进化枝1和2）。另外，AP3直系同源基因在兰花的各种物种中显示出不同的表达模式，而PI同系物在所有花轮中均一地表达。 AP3A2直系同源物在唇的形成中起着显著作用，因为它们在唇中的独特表达。进一步的证据来自在四组回骨突变体中从嘴唇延伸的嘴唇状花瓣中检测到的AP3A2异位表达。最后，提出了一个同源的兰花Tepal（HOT）模型，其中重复的B类MADS-box基因的双重特征与兰花花被的发育和生长有关。

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