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首页> 外文期刊>Plant and Soil >Direct Effects of Soil Amendments on Field Emergence and Growth of the Invasive Annual Grass Bromus tectorum L. and the Native Perennial Grass Hilaria jamesii (Torr.) Benth
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Direct Effects of Soil Amendments on Field Emergence and Growth of the Invasive Annual Grass Bromus tectorum L. and the Native Perennial Grass Hilaria jamesii (Torr.) Benth

机译：土壤改良剂对入侵的一年生草无芒雀麦和当地多年生禾草Hilaria jamesii（Torr。）Benth田间萌芽和生长的直接影响

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摘要

Bromus tectorum L. is a non-native, annual grass that has invaded western North America. In SE Utah, B. tectorum generally occurs in grasslands dominated by the native perennial grass, Hilaria jamesii (Torr.) Benth. and rarely where the natives Stipa hymenoides Roem. and Schult. and S. comata Trin. & Rupr. are dominant. This patchy invasion is likely due to differences in soil chemistry. Previous laboratory experiments investigated using soil amendments that would allow B. tectorum to germinate but would reduce B. tectorum emergence without affecting H. jamesii. For this study we selected the most successful treatments (CaCl2, MgCl2, NaCl and zeolite) from a previous laboratory study and applied them in the field in two different years at B. tectorum-dominated field sites. All amendments except the lowest level of CaCl2 and zeolite negatively affected B. tectorum emergence and/or biomass. No amendments negatively affected the biomass of H. jamesii but NaCl reduced emergence. Amendment effectiveness depended on year of application and the length of time since application. The medium concentration of zeolite had the strongest negative effect on B. tectorum with little effect on H. jamesii. We conducted a laboratory experiment to determine why zeolite was effective and found it released large amounts of Na+, adsorbed Ca2+, and increased Zn2+, Fe2+, Mn2+, Cu2+, exchangeable Mg2+, exchangeable K, and NH 4 + in the soil. Our results suggest several possible amendments to control B. tectorum. However, variability in effectiveness due to abiotic factors such as precipitation and soil type must be accounted for when establishing management plans.
机译：Bromus tectorum L.是一种非本地的一年生草，已入侵北美西部。在犹他州东南部，鹤望兰通常发生在以多年生原生草Hilaria jamesii（Torr。）Benth为主的草地上。很少有本地人的Stipa hymenoides Roem。和舒尔特。和沙门氏菌Trin。 ＆Rupr。占主导地位。这种片状入侵很可能是由于土壤化学的差异。以前的实验室实验使用的土壤改良剂进行了研究，该改良剂将允许胸腺芽孢杆菌发芽，但在不影响詹氏杆菌的情况下减少胸腺芽孢杆菌的出现。在这项研究中，我们从先前的实验室研究中选择了最成功的处理方法（CaCl2 ，MgCl2 ，NaCl和沸石），并在两年内在以B. tectorum为主的野外田间中将其应用于田间。除了最低水平的CaCl2 和沸石外，所有其他改良剂均对胸腺芽孢杆菌的出现和/或生物量产生负面影响。没有修正对詹姆斯氏嗜血菌的生物量有负面影响，但氯化钠减少了其出现。修改的有效性取决于申请的年份和申请后的时间长度。中等浓度的沸石对胸腺双歧杆菌的负面影响最强，而对詹姆氏梭状芽孢杆菌的影响很小。我们进行了一项室内实验，以确定为什么沸石有效，并发现它释放出大量的Na + ，吸附的Ca2 + 和增加的Zn2 + ，Fe2 + ，Mn2 + ，Cu2 + ，可交换的Mg2 + ，可交换的K和NH 4 + 在土壤中。我们的结果表明，有几种可能的方法可以控制胸腺。但是，在制定管理计划时，必须考虑由于非生物因素（例如降水和土壤类型）导致的有效性差异。

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  • 来源
    《Plant and Soil》 |2006年第2期|29-40|共12页
  • 作者

    Beth A. Newingham; Jayne Belnap;

  • 作者单位

    USGS Southwest Biological CenterDepartment of Biological Sciences University of Nevada - Las Vegas;

    USGS Southwest Biological CenterNatural Resources Ecology Laboratory Colorado State University;

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  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

    amendments; invasion; nutrients; salt; soil chemistry;

    机译：改良剂;入侵;养分;盐;土壤化学;

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