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Soil core method for direct simultaneous determination of N2 and N2O emissions from forest soils

机译：直接同时测定森林土壤中N2 和N2 O排放的土壤核心方法

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In order to quantify N2-emissions from a spruce and a beech site at the Höglwald Forest, a new measuring system was developed, that allowed simultaneous, direct determination of N2- and N2O-emission with high accuracy (detection limit approx. 10 μg N m−2 h−1 for N2 and <1 μg for N2O) using a gas-flow core method. This method requires exchange of the soil atmosphere with an artificial atmosphere, that differs only in that N2 is substituted by He. The measuring system, the methodology of measurements and validation experiments are described in detail. Due to the huge heterogeneity of denitrification activity in different soil cores taken from our forest sites, no general trends of N2 and N2O production in relation to soil moisture and temperature could be demonstrated. Based on reasonable number of measurements, this work gives for the first time an estimate of the magnitude of N2-losses from temperate forest soils. Both the magnitude of N2-emissions (spruce: 7.2±0.7 kg N2-N ha−1 yr−1; beech: 12.4±3.1 kg N2-N ha−1 yr−1), as well as the N2O–N2 ratio (spruce: 0.136±0.04; beech: 0.52±0.19) were significantly higher for soils from the beech sites as compared to soils from the spruce site. The results suggests that N2-emissions from N-saturated forest soils, still receiving high loads of atmospheric N-deposition, are approx. 30% of atmospheric N-input at the spruce site, and approx. 50% at the beech site. Our results demonstrate that losses of nitrogen in the form of N2 cannot be neglected in the context of calculating N-balances for given forest sites.
机译：为了量化Höglwald森林云杉和山毛榉站点中N2的排放，开发了一种新的测量系统，该系统可以同时直接测定N2 -和N2 O气流的高精度发射（N2 的检测极限约为10μgN m-2 h-1 ，N2 的检测极限约为1μg）核心方法。这种方法需要将土壤气氛与人工气氛交换，其不同之处仅在于N2 被He取代。详细介绍了测量系统，测量方法和验证实验。由于取自我们森林地带的不同土壤核心中反硝化活性的巨大异质性，因此无法证明N2 和N2 O产量与土壤水分和温度有关的总体趋势。基于合理的测量次数，这项工作首次给出了温带森林土壤中N2 损失量的估计值。两种N2排放量（云杉：7.2±0.7 kg N2 -N ha-1 yr-1 ;山毛榉木：12.4±3.1 kg N2 > -N ha-1 yr-1 ）以及N2 O–N2 比（云杉：0.136±0.04;山毛榉：0.52±0.19）与来自云杉部位的土壤相比，来自山毛榉部位的土壤明显更高。结果表明，仍接受高负荷大气N沉积的N饱和森林土壤中的N 2排放约为。云杉处的大气氮输入量的30％，约为在山毛榉现场占50％。我们的结果表明，在计算给定林区的氮平衡时，不能忽略N2 形式的氮损失。

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