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首页> 外文期刊>Plant and Soil >Quantitative effects of soil nitrate, growth potential and phenology on symbiotic nitrogen fixation of pea (Pisum sativum L.)
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Quantitative effects of soil nitrate, growth potential and phenology on symbiotic nitrogen fixation of pea (Pisum sativum L.)

机译：土壤硝酸盐，生长势和物候对豌豆共生固氮的定量影响

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The influence of soil nitrate availability, crop growth rate and phenology on the activity of symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF) during the growth cycle of pea (Pisum sativum cv. Baccara) was investigated in the field under adequate water availability, applying various levels of fertiliser N at the time of sowing. Nitrate availability in the ploughed layer of the soil was shown to inhibit both SNF initiation and activity. Contribution of SNF to total nitrogen uptake (%Ndfa) over the growth cycle could be predicted as a linear function of mineral N content of the ploughed layer at sowing. Nitrate inhibition of SNF was absolute when mineral N at sowing was over 380 kg N ha−1. Symbiotic nitrogen fixation was not initiated unless nitrate availability in the soil dropped below 56 kg N ha−1. However, SNF could no longer be initiated after the beginning of seed filling (BSF). Other linear relationships were established between instantaneous %Ndfa and instantaneous nitrate availability in the ploughed layer of the soil until BSF. Instantaneous %Ndfa decreased linearly with soil nitrate availability and was nil above 48 and 34 kg N ha−1 for the vegetative and reproductive stages, respectively, levels after which no SNF occurred. Moreover, SNF rate was shown to be closely related to the crop growth rate until BSF. The ratio of SNF rate over crop growth rate decreased linearly with thermal time. Maximum SNF rate was about 40 mg N m−2 degree-day−1, equivalent to 7 kg N ha−1, regardless of the N treatment. From BSF to the end of the growth cycle, the high N requirements of the crop were supported by both SNF and nitrate root absorption but, of the two sources, nitrate root absorption seemed to be less affected by the presence of reproductive organs. However, since soil nitrate availability was low at the end of the growth cycle, SNF was the main source of nitrogen acquisition. The onset of SNF decrease at the end of the growth cycle seemed to be first due to nodule age and then associated to the slowing of the crop growth rate.
机译：在田间调查了适量水肥条件下，施用不同水平的肥料，研究了土壤硝态氮有效性，作物生长速率和物候对豌豆（Pisum sativum cv。Baccara）生长周期中共生固氮活性的影响。播种时为N。耕层土壤中的硝酸盐有效性被证明可以抑制SNF的产生和活性。在生长周期中，SNF对总氮吸收量（％Ndfa）的贡献可以预测为播种时耕层中矿质N含量的线性函数。当播种时的矿质氮超过380 kg N ha-1 时，硝酸盐对SNF的抑制作用是绝对的。除非土壤中的硝酸盐有效性低于56 kg N ha-1 ，否则不会启动共生固氮。但是，开始填充种子（BSF）后就无法再启动SNF。在直至BSF的土壤耕层中，瞬时％Ndfa和瞬时硝酸盐有效性之间建立了其他线性关系。在营养和生殖阶段，瞬时％Ndfa随土壤硝酸盐的有效性线性降低，分别高于48和34 kg N ha-1 ，在此之后没有发生SNF。此外，直到BSF为止，SNF速率与作物生长速率密切相关。 SNF率与作物生长率之比随热时间线性降低。无论采用何种N处理，最大SNF率约为40 mg N m-2 度-天-1 ，相当于7 kg N ha-1 。从BSF到生长周期结束，SNF和硝酸盐根吸收都支持了作物对氮的高需求，但是在这两种来源中，硝酸根吸收似乎受生殖器官的影响较小。但是，由于在生长周期结束时土壤硝酸盐的利用率较低，因此SNF是获取氮的主要来源。在生长周期结束时，SNF的下降似乎首先是由于根瘤年龄，然后与作物生长速度减慢有关。

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