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Ecological role of hypogeous ectomycorrhizal fungi in Australian forests and woodlands

机译：次要外生菌根真菌在澳大利亚森林和林地中的生态作用

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摘要

The Australian continent is characterised by a harsh climate and highly weathered, nutrient-poor soils. Trees and shrubs in these stressful environmental conditions typically form ectomycorrhizae with a variety of fungi, many of which form hypogeous (underground) fruit-bodies. The total number of hypogeous fungi Australia-wide is unknown, although recent systematic studies in the far south-eastern corner of the country suggest that they may number well over a thousand. Similar surveys elswhere are urgently required to clarify the situation. The precise ecological role of many hypogeous fungi remains to be determined, although most presumably facilitate nutrient and water uptake on behalf of their mycorrhizal partners. Others may also protect their plant host from root pathogens. One key function of hypogeous fungi is the role their fruit-bodies play as a food resource for a large range of terrestrial mammals. For a few animals, hypogeous fungi form the single most important dietary item year-round, whereas for others they may only be of seasonal or supplementary value. The extent to which fungi form part of the diet of any mammal species is reflected in the various levels of adaptation toward acquiring, then processing and digesting these cryptic and nutritionally challenging foodstuffs.
机译：澳大利亚大陆的气候恶劣，风化程度高，营养不良。在这些压力大的环境条件下，树木和灌木通常会与多种真菌形成外生菌根，其中许多真菌会形成伪劣（地下）的果体。尽管在澳大利亚远东角落的最新系统研究表明，全澳大利亚范围内的真菌菌的总数尚不明确，但总数可能超过一千种。迫切需要进行类似的调查以弄清情况。许多假菌的确切生态作用仍有待确定，尽管最有可能代表其菌根伴侣促进了养分和水分的吸收。其他人也可能保护其植物宿主免受根部病原体侵害。次生真菌的一项关键功能是它们的果体作为大量陆生哺乳动物的食物资源所起的作用。对于一些动物来说，次生真菌是全年唯一最重要的饮食项目，而对于另一些动物，它们可能仅具有季节性或补充价值。真菌在任何哺乳动物物种的饮食中所占比例在多大程度上反映了对这些隐性和营养挑战性食品的获取，加工和消化的适应水平。

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