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首页> 外文期刊>Plant and Soil >Prospects for using conventional techniques and molecular biological tools to enhance performance of `orphan' crop plants on soils low in available phosphorus
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Prospects for using conventional techniques and molecular biological tools to enhance performance of `orphan' crop plants on soils low in available phosphorus

机译：使用常规技术和分子生物学工具提高“孤儿”作物在低有效磷土壤上的性能的前景

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摘要

Molecular biology, combined with Mendelian and quantitative genetics in quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping and marker-assisted selection (MAS), provides powerful new tools to facilitate efficient genetic manipulation by plant breeders of complex traits such as drought tolerance and phosphorus (P) acquisition ability. This paper examines current opportunities for genetically manipulating the ability of crop plants to more efficiently acquire (i.e. access and take up) essential soil nutrients, using as examples P and several of the crops in the genetic improvement mandate of the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) – chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.), pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.], pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan(L.) Millsp.], and sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]. It is concluded that for at least some of these important, but often academically and economically orphaned tropical food, forage and feed-grain crops, the genetic variation and molecular tools that we will need already exist or can be expected to become available in the very near future. With appropriate, targeted research, these tools can permit empirical exploration of the potential for marker-facilitated mapping and manipulation of major genes that can contribute to enhanced ability of these crops to acquire P from sources with limited availability. With these tools, delivery of new versions of currently popular high-yielding, high quality, disease resistant crop cultivars, having genetically improved ability to acquire P currently in soils but unavailable for crop growth, could take as little as five to seven years. Sustainable use of such improved cultivars would require their utilization as components of integrated soil fertility management systems.
机译：分子生物学与孟德尔和定量遗传学相结合的定量性状基因座（QTL）作图和标记辅助选择（MAS），提供了强大的新工具，以促进复杂性状如耐旱和磷（P）的植物育种者对基因的有效操纵习得能力。本文以国际作物研究所（International Crops Research Institute）的遗传改良任务为例，以P和几种农作物为例，研究了当前通过遗传手段利用农作物更有效地获取（即获取和吸收）土壤必需养分的能力的机会。半干旱热带地区（ICRISAT）–鹰嘴豆（Cicer arietinum L.），花生（Arachis hypogaea L.），珍珠粟[Pennisetum glaucum（L.）R. Br。]，木豆[Cajanus cajan（L。）Millsp。]和高粱[Sorghum bicolor（L.）Moench]。结论是，对于这些重要的，但在学术上和经济上常常是学术上孤立的热带食品，草料和饲料作物中的至少一些，我们将需要的遗传变异和分子工具已经存在，或有望在很长一段时间内获得。不远的将来。通过适当的，有针对性的研究，这些工具可以使对标记物便利的主要基因作图和操作的潜力进行经验性探索，这些潜在基因可以有助于增强这些农作物从有限资源中获取磷的能力。借助这些工具，提供目前流行的高产，高质量，抗病作物品种的新版本，这些作物品种在基因上提高了目前在土壤中获取磷的能力，但无法用于作物生长，因此可能需要五到七年的时间。这些改良品种的可持续利用将需要将其用作土壤肥力综合管理系统的组成部分。

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