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Mating patterns in an inbred Arctic carnivore

机译：近交食肉动物的交配模式

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Mating patterns are highly context-dependent and the outcome of selection pressures formed by ecological factors, inbreeding levels and access to available partners. In small and inbred populations, matings are limited by high kin encounter rates and access to mates. In this paper, we use background pedigree data to investigate mating patterns and inbreeding avoidance in an isolated and critically endangered Arctic fox (Vulpes lagopus) population. Empirical data showed avoidance of matings within natal family. Based on 35 documented matings, we only recorded two full-sibling matings and these occurred between individuals from different natal families. Matings between second-order relatives, however, occurred to the same extent as between unrelated individuals. To test how this influenced the population development of inbreeding (f), we simulated scenarios of random mating, exclusion of natal family and exclusion of individuals in already existing pair bonds. The observed development of inbreeding did not correspond the expected scenario of random mating (linear regression, r(2) = 0.354, P = 0.20), but showed a comparable outcome as the simulated development of discriminating natal family (linear regression, r(2) = 0.980, P 0.001). We conclude that behavioural, pre-copulatory inbreeding avoidance strategies occur in this population and that exclusion of mating with natal family causes a slower increase in inbreeding levels compared to random mating. This study demonstrates how long-term monitoring, pedigree construction and simulations can generate information valuable for an in-depth understanding of both conservation genetics and behavioural ecology in threatened populations.
机译：交配模式高度依赖于上下文，并且选择压力的结果是由生态因素，近交水平和与可用伙伴的接触形成的。在小型和近交人群中，交配受到高亲属接触率和与伴侣接触的限制。在本文中，我们使用背景系谱数据来调查孤立和极度濒危的北极狐（Vulpes lagopus）种群的交配模式和近交回避。经验数据表明，在出生家庭中避免交配。基于35个已记录的交配，我们仅记录了两个全兄弟交配，这些交配发生在不同出生家庭的个体之间。然而，二等亲戚之间的交往发生的程度与无亲属之间的交往程度相同。为了测试这对近交种群发展的影响（f），我们模拟了随机交配，排除出生家庭和排除已存在的配对中的个体的情况。观察到的近交发展与随机交配的预期情况不符（线性回归，r（2）= 0.354，P = 0.20），但与区分出生家庭的模拟发展（线性回归，r（2） ）= 0.980，P <0.001）。我们得出的结论是，在这种人群中发生了行为性，交配前近交避免策略，并且与随机交配相比，与出生家庭的交配被排除会导致近交水平的增加较慢。这项研究表明，长期监测，谱系构建和模拟如何能够产生有价值的信息，对于深入了解受威胁人群的保护遗传学和行为生态学具有重要意义。

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