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Bathymetric distribution pattern in Antarctic benthic hydroids

机译：南极底栖水体的测深分布模式

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Benthic hydroids are an important component of the Antarctic benthic ecosystem. This is characterised by extreme environmental conditions that undoubtedly affect organism distribution. In some cases, these conditions are related to depth (e.g. anchor ice or iceberg scouring). The Antarctic depth profile has special characteristics that reflect the depression of the continental crust by isostatic loading as well as glacial erosion during ice sheet expansion. Indeed, the Antarctic continental shelf is much deeper than others elsewhere in the world. This fact, along with the dynamic ice formation, affects a priori the bathymetric distribution of Antarctic benthic hydroids. This was first studied by Stepanjants in 1979, and later by Pea Cantero, in 2004, who summarised all available bathymetric information for Antarctic benthic hydroids, and established a series of bathymetric groups according to ecological features. The aim of this study was to review and update the present knowledge of bathymetric distribution of Antarctic benthic hydroids with data gathered in recent years in order to define hydrozoan bathymetric assemblages and depth-indicator species. To this end, all the valid records from the Antarctic (including the Scotia Arc) were compiled. Using similarity matrices (Sorensen coefficient), hierarchical clusters with SIMPROF test were performed. The results of the present study provide the division of the bathymetric profile into three main zones. The first one, which corresponds to the Shelf, extends from 0 to 700 m, and is clearly characterised by Eudendriidae and Campanulinidae. The second one, named Slope, associated with the continental slope, extends from 700 to 1500 m, and is characterised by a few exclusive species, like Halisiphonia prolifica Pea Cantero, 2014. Finally, the third zone, here named Abyss, extends beyond 2000 m, and includes a few species [e.g. Clathrozoella abyssalis Pea Cantero, Vervoort & Watson, 2003 (3083 m)]. The results also indicate a further division of the Shelf into three sub-zones: the anchor ice, the upper shelf and the lower shelf. The results show distinct boundaries between divisions, which could be linked to environmental factors, some of them likely related to the influence of ice.
机译：底栖水体是南极底栖生态系统的重要组成部分。其特点是极端环境条件无疑会影响生物体的分布。在某些情况下，这些条件与深度有关（例如，锚冰或冰山冲刷）。南极深度剖面具有特殊的特征，可反映出等静压载荷下大陆壳的凹陷以及冰盖膨胀过程中的冰川侵蚀。确实，南极大陆架比世界其他地方更深。这一事实与动态冰的形成一起先验地影响了南极底栖水体的测深分布。 1979年，Stepanjant首先研究了此问题，随后，2004年，Pea Cantero对其进行了研究，后者总结了南极底栖水体的所有可用的测深信息，并根据生态特征建立了一系列测深组。这项研究的目的是用最近几年收集的数据来回顾和更新南极底栖水体的测深分布知识，以便确定水生动物的测深组合和深度指示物种类。为此，汇编了南极的所有有效记录（包括斯科舍弧）。使用相似性矩阵（Sorensen系数），通过SIMPROF测试进行分层聚类。本研究的结果提供了测深剖面分为三个主要区域。第一个与架子相对应，范围从0到700 m，明显具有Eudendriidae和Campanulinidae的特征。第二个区域称为“斜坡”，与大陆斜坡相关，范围从700到1500 m，并具有一些独特的物种，例如Halisiphonia prolifica Pea Cantero，2014。最后，第三个区域（这里称为“深渊”）延伸到2000年以后。 m，并包括一些物种[例如深渊无形藻豌豆Cantero，Vervoort＆Watson，2003（3083 m）。结果还表明，架子应进一步划分为三个子区域：锚冰，上层架和下层架。结果表明，分区之间的界限很明显，这可能与环境因素有关，其中一些可能与冰的影响有关。

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