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Bacteria from Antarctic environments: diversity and detection of antimicrobial, antiproliferative, and antiparasitic activities

机译：来自南极环境的细菌：抗菌，抗增殖和抗寄生虫活性的多样性和检测

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摘要

Microorganisms dominate most of Antarctic ecosystems and play a crucial role in their functioning. They are called extremophilic microorganisms with unique and versatile metabolic properties with possible biotechnological applications in several areas. The aim of the present study was to identify psychrotolerant microorganisms from Antarctic continent samples and to screen them for antimicrobial effects. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that most isolates were closely related to recognized species, including those recovered previously from Antarctica, which belonged to the major phyla Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, and Proteobacteria (classes Alpha, Beta, and Gammaproteobacteria). A total of 326 bacterial isolates, distributed in 39 different genera, were recovered and identified based on sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. The main representative genera were Arthrobacter, Psychrobacter, Pseudoalteromonas, and Rhodococcus. Antimicrobial screening revealed fifteen isolates capable of inhibiting growth of at least one of the indicator strains: Escherichia coli, Micrococcus luteus, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, and Candida albicans. One psychrotolerant bacterium, Pseudomonas sp. isolate 99, showed a broad antimicrobial range, in addition to antiproliferative and antiparasitic activity. Overall, the small number of antibiotic-producing isolates obtained and the weakness of their inhibition halos corroborated previous findings suggesting that cold-loving bacteria from Antarctica are not as good as their relatives from mesophilic environments for antimicrobial prospecting. Nonetheless, antiproliferative and antiparasitic results observed are promising and suggest that there is an untapped wealth in Antarctic environments for bioprospecting compounds with pharmaceutical potential application.
机译：微生物在南极大多数生态系统中占主导地位，并在其功能中发挥关键作用。它们被称为具有独特和通用的代谢特性的极端微生物，在某些领域可能具有生物技术应用。本研究的目的是从南极大陆样品中鉴定抗精神病微生物，并对其抗菌作用进行筛选。系统发育分析表明，大多数分离物与公认的物种密切相关，包括先前从南极洲回收的物种，它们属于主要的菌类，拟杆菌，放线菌和变形杆菌（Alpha，Beta和γ变形杆菌）。基于16S rRNA基因测序，回收并鉴定了分布在39个不同属中的总共326个细菌分离株。主要的代表性属是节杆菌，精神杆菌，假单胞菌和红球菌。抗菌筛选显示了十五种分离株，它们能够抑制至少一种指示菌株的生长：大肠杆菌，黄球菌，金黄色葡萄球菌，枯草芽孢杆菌和白色念珠菌。一种抗精神病的细菌，假单胞菌属。分离物99除具有抗增殖和抗寄生虫活性外，还显示了广泛的抗菌范围。总体而言，获得的少量生产抗生素的菌株及其抑制晕圈的弱点证实了先前的发现，表明南极洲的嗜冷细菌不如其中温环境的亲缘细菌具有更好的抗菌前景。但是，观察到的抗增殖和抗寄生虫的结果是有希望的，并表明在南极环境中有未开发的财富可用于生物勘探具有药物潜在用途的化合物。

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