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首页> 外文期刊>Polar biology >From the worm's point of view. I: Environmental settings of benthic ecosystems in Arctic fjord (Hornsund, Spitsbergen)
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From the worm's point of view. I: Environmental settings of benthic ecosystems in Arctic fjord (Hornsund, Spitsbergen)

机译：从蠕虫的角度来看。一：北极峡湾底栖生态系统的环境设置（霍恩松德，斯匹次卑尔根）

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As a consequence of ongoing climate warming, nearly all tidal glaciers in Arctic are retreating; hence, the seascape of glacial fjords is changing in many aspects. We took the example of Hornsund, the well-studied Svalbard fjord, with over 30 years of almost continuous observations of marine system. Recent data were collected during summer oceanographic surveys between 2001 and 2013 and compared with archival data from 1980s. As most of the phenomena connected with the warming happen at the sea surface (ice, wind, waves, surface currents, brackish water), we were interested, how the presumably stable, near-bottom waters in fjords behave, what are the environmental changes that are experienced directly by the worms living in the sediment. We have found that both the inner fjord basins (usually regarded as stable) and the outer fjord parts (exposed to the direct influence of shelf waters) has changed. Warming was documented in the inner basins, while cooling and warming episodes were recorded in the outer parts of the fjord. We demonstrate that following the increase melting and retreat of the glaciers, the area of shallows increased, salinity decreased and temperature increased-partly due to the advection of Atlantic waters from the shelf. Observed changes are in accordance with the model of arctic fjords evolution towards boreal ones associated with increased organic matter turnover. The observed changes are most likely typical for all cold water, glaciated fjords that are exposed to climate warming.
机译：由于持续的气候变暖，北极几乎所有的潮汐冰川都在退缩。因此，冰川峡湾的海景在许多方面都在变化。我们以经过深入研究的斯瓦尔巴特峡湾霍恩松德为例，对海洋系统进行了近30年的连续观测。最近的数据是在2001年至2013年的夏季海洋学调查期间收集的，并与1980年代的档案数据进行了比较。由于大多数与变暖有关的现象都发生在海面（冰，风，波浪，地表水，微咸水），我们很感兴趣，峡湾中大概稳定的，接近底部的水的行为如何，环境变化是什么生活在沉积物中的蠕虫直接经历了这些。我们发现，内峡湾盆地（通常被认为是稳定的）和外峡湾部分（受到架子水的直接影响）都发生了变化。在内部盆地记录有变暖现象，而在峡湾外部记录有降温和变暖现象。我们证明，随着冰川融化和后退的增加，浅水区的面积增加，盐度降低，温度升高，这部分是由于来自大陆架的大西洋对流造成的。观察到的变化与北极峡湾向与有机物周转量增加有关的北方峡湾演化的模型一致。对于所有暴露于气候变暖的冷水，冰川峡湾，观察到的变化很可能是典型的。

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