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Shifts in female polar bear (Ursus maritimus) habitat use in East Greenland

机译:东格陵兰雌性北极熊(Ursus maritimus)栖息地使用方式的变化

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Few studies have investigated the impacts of climate change on polar bears (Ursus maritimus) in East Greenland (EG), where some of the largest rates of sea ice loss have occurred. We used remotely sensed sea ice data to quantify changes in timing of sea ice freeze-up and breakup in EG polar bear habitat between 1979 and 2012. We then quantified movement rates, area use, habitat selection, and distribution and phenology of maternity denning using data from adult female polar bears tracked with satellite transmitters between 2007 and 2010 (n = 7). We compared results to historical data collected from adult females in the 1990s (n = 4). Adult females in the 2000s used areas with significantly lower sea ice concentrations (10-15 % lower) than bears in the 1990s during winter, a pattern influenced by delayed freeze-up in October-December. Adult females in the 2000s were located significantly closer (100-150 km) to open water in all seasons and spent approximately 2 months longer in areas with < 60 % sea ice concentration than bears in the 1990s. Multivariate resource selection models contrasting preference between decades showed that there was a statistically significant and stronger winter preference in the 2000s for adult females to select for higher sea ice concentrations. Timing of maternity denning did not significantly differ between decades. Results indicate that multi-decadal loss of sea ice has resulted in shifts in polar bear habitat use in EG.
机译:很少有研究调查气候变化对东格陵兰(EG)北极熊(Ursus maritimus)的影响,那里的海冰损失率最高。我们使用遥感的海冰数据量化了1979年至2012年之间EG北极熊栖息地海冰冻结和破裂的时间变化。然后,我们使用以下方法量化了运动速率,面积使用,栖息地选择以及孕产期限制的分布和物候2007年至2010年之间,通过卫星发射机追踪的成年雌性北极熊的数据(n = 7)。我们将结果与1990年代从成年雌性收集的历史数据进行了比较(n = 4)。在2000年代,成年雌性在冬季使用的海冰浓度明显低于1990年代的熊(低10-15%),这是受10月至12月冻结时间延迟的影响。在所有季节中,2000年代的成年雌性都比开放水域更接近(100-150 km),在海冰浓度小于60%的地区比1990年代的熊度长了大约2个月。多元资源选择模型将数十年来的偏好进行了对比,结果表明,在2000年代,成年雌性选择更高的海冰浓度具有明显的统计学意义和更强的冬季偏好。产假时间在几十年之间没有显着差异。结果表明,十年间海冰的流失导致EG中北极熊栖息地的使用发生了变化。

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