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Arctic fox versus red fox in the warming Arctic: four decades of den surveys in north Yukon

机译：北极狐与红狐在变暖的北极：育空北部北部的四十年巢穴调查

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摘要

During the last century, the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) has expanded its distribution into the Arctic, where it competes with the arctic fox (Vulpes lagopus), an ecologically similar tundra predator. The red fox expansion correlates with climate warming, and the ultimate determinant of the outcome of the competition between the two species is hypothesized to be climate. We conducted aerial and ground fox den surveys in the northern Yukon (Her-schel Island and the coastal mainland) to investigate the relative abundance of red and arctic foxes over the last four decades. This region has undergone the most intense warming observed in North America, and we hypothesized that this climate change led to increasing dominance of red fox over arctic fox. Results of recent surveys fall within the range of previous ones, indicating little change in the relative abundance of the two species. North Yukon fox dens are mostly occupied by arctic fox, with active red fox dens occurring sympatrically. While vegetation changes have been reported, there is no indication that secondary productivity and food abundance for foxes have increased. Our study shows that in the western Arctic of North America, where climate warming was intense, the competitive balance between red and arctic foxes changed little in 40 years. Our results challenge the hypotheses linking climate to red fox expansion, and we discuss how climate warming's negative effects on predators may be overriding positive effects of milder temperatures and longer growing seasons.
机译：在上个世纪，赤狐（Vulpes vulpes）的分布扩大到了北极，在这里与生态上类似的苔原捕食者北极狐（Vulpes lagopus）竞争。赤狐的膨胀与气候变暖有关，并且两个物种之间竞争结果的最终决定因素被认为是气候。我们在育空地区北部（Her-schel岛和沿海大陆）进行了空中和地面狐狸密度调查，以调查过去40年中红狐和北极狐的相对数量。该地区经历了北美地区观测到的最强烈的变暖，我们假设这种气候变化导致了赤狐在北极狐上的主导地位不断增强。最近的调查结果在先前的调查范围内，表明两种物种的相对丰度变化很小。育空地区北部的狐狸窝点大部分被北极狐所占据，活跃的红狐狸窝则同伴出现。虽然已经报道了植被的变化，但没有迹象表明狐狸的次生生产力和食物丰度有所增加。我们的研究表明，在气候变暖剧烈的北美西部北极地区，红狐和北极狐之间的竞争平衡在40年内几乎没有变化。我们的结果挑战了将气候与赤狐扩张联系起来的假说，并且我们讨论了气候变暖对捕食者的负面影响可能会取代温和温度和更长生长期的正面影响。

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  • 来源
    《Polar biology》 |2012年第9期|p.1421-1431|共11页
  • 作者

    Daniel Gallant; Brian G. Slough; Donald G. Reid; Dominique Berteaux;

  • 作者单位

    Chaire de recherche du Canada en conservation des ecosystemes nordiques and Centre d'Etudes Nordiques, Universite du Quebec a Rimouski, 300 Allee des Ursulines, Rimouski, QC G5L 3A1, Canada;

    35 Cronkhite Road, Whitehorse, YT Y1A 5S9, Canada;

    Wildlife Conservation Society Canada, 39 Harbottle Road, Whitehorse, YT Y1A 5T2, Canada;

    Chaire de recherche du Canada en conservation des ecosystemes nordiques and Centre d'Etudes Nordiques, Universite du Quebec a Rimouski, 300 Allee des Ursulines, Rimouski, QC G5L 3A1, Canada;

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  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

    herschel island; population trends; vulpes lagopus; vulpes vulpes; climate warming; yukon;

    机译：赫歇尔岛人口趋势;狐猴秃ul气候变暖;育空;

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