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Seasonal grazing effects by semi-domesticated reindeer on subarctic mountain birch forests

机译：半驯鹿对北极亚伯山桦林的季节性放牧影响

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摘要

In northern Fennoscandia, the spatial and temporal grazing practices of semi-domesticated reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) vary, which implies different grazing effects dependent on natural conditions as well as management regime (i.e., timing and intensity of grazing). We compared density and biomass of main plant groups in semi-dry mountain birch forests exposed to either long-term summer or winter grazing in three reindeer herding districts in the northernmost Finland. Percent plant cover, height, and biomass of reindeer lichens (Cladonia spp.) and dwarf shrubs (Vaccinium uliginosum, Calluna vulgaris, and Betula nana) were lower on summer ranges compared with winter ranges. The biomass of other dwarf shrubs (Vaccinium myrtillus and V. vitis-idaea), and graminoids and herbs, and the % cover of non-vegetated bare soil and litter were, however, higher on summer ranges than on winter ranges. Young mountain birch shoots (Betula pubescens ssp. czerepanovii) were less frequent on summer ranges than on winter ranges. The total leaf biomass under the browsing height of reindeer (<1.5 m) was also lower on summer ranges compared with winter ranges. Especially in drier and nutrient poor mountain birch forests, intensive summer grazing reduces the quantity of lichens and total plant biomass which affects the ecological state and productivity of these forests and also reduces especially their winter grazing value for reindeer. Therefore, in addition to regulating the maximum sustained numbers of reindeer, pasture rotation systems that effectively protect dry and nutrient poor vegetation from summer grazing and trampling should be encouraged.
机译：在芬诺斯坎迪亚北部，半驯鹿驯鹿（Rangifer tarandus tarandus）的时空放牧方式各不相同，这意味着取决于自然条件和管理制度（即放牧的时间和强度）的放牧效果不同。我们比较了芬兰最北端的三个驯鹿放牧区的半干山桦林中长期或夏季或冬季放牧的主要植物群的密度和生物量。与冬季范围相比，夏季范围内的驯鹿地衣（Cladonia spp。）和矮灌木（Vaccinium uliginosum，Calluna vulgaris和Betula nana）的植物覆盖率，高度和生物量较低。其他矮灌木（牛痘苗和葡萄藤），类蠕虫和药草的生物量，以及无植被的裸露土壤和枯枝落叶的覆盖率在夏季均高于冬季。年轻的山桦笋（Betula pubescens ssp。czerepanovii）在夏季比冬季少见。与冬季范围相比，夏季范围内在驯鹿浏览高度下（<1.5 m）的叶片总生物量也较低。尤其是在干旱和营养不良的山桦林中，夏季放牧密集会减少地衣的数量和植物总生物量，从而影响这些森林的生态状况和生产力，尤其是降低其冬季驯鹿的放牧价值。因此，除了调节驯鹿的最大持续数量外，还应鼓励有效地保护干旱和养分贫乏的植被免受夏季放牧和践踏的牧场轮换系统。

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  • 来源
    《Polar biology》 |2011年第3期|p.441-453|共13页
  • 作者

    Jouko Kumpula; Sari Stark; Oystein Holand;

  • 作者单位

    Reindeer Research Station,Finnish Game and Fisheries Research Institute,Toivoniementie 246, 99910 Kaamanen, Finland;

    Rovaniemi Research Unit, Finnish Forest Research Institute,P.O. Box 16, 96301 Rovaniemi, Finland;

    Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences,Norwegian University of Life Sciences,P.O. Box 5003, 1432 As, Norway;

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  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
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  • 关键词

    biodiversity; carrying capacity; pasture rotation; reindeer lichens; summer grazing;

    机译：生物多样性;承载能力;牧场轮换;驯鹿地衣夏季放牧;

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