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Vegetation-environment interactions in a sub-arctic primary succession

机译：亚北极一次演替过程中的植被与环境相互作用

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Biological modification of the physical environment is a characteristic feature of primary succession that is of particular importance in stressful, high-latitude habitats. However, the degree of spatiotemporal variability in biotic reaction is poorly understood. This is a significant gap in our knowledge of primary succession, as spatio-temporal variability in biotic reaction may be linked to divergent development during succession. The aim of this research was to infer long-term, spatiotemporal changes in vegetation and environmental parameters during primary succession from a chronosequence of lava flows in Iceland. Vegetation surveys and measurement of key environmental variables (temperature, relative humidity and wind speed) were carried out on seven lava flows aged 26-848 years. The duration of snow cover was inferred from temperature data using a novel technique. Paired measurements were taken in topographical low and high points, as previous studies in this location have indicated divergent vegetation development according to topographical position. The analysis indicated the long-term amelioration of microclimate. Vegetation development was associated with increased soil temperatures, decreased wind speeds and increased duration of snow-lie. There was also evidence that microenvironmental changes paralleled changes in vegetation structure, although the relationship varied according to the environmental parameter studied. It is likely that positive feedback between shrub development and snow accumulation structures the vegetation on the study sites. These findings have implications for sub-arctic areas where shrub cover is expanding due to climate change and for the development of vegetation on terrain exposed by retreating ice.
机译：物理环境的生物改造是一次演替的一个特征，在压力较大的高纬度生境中尤为重要。然而，人们对生物反应时空变异的程度了解甚少。这是我们对初次继承的认识上的一个重大缺口，因为生物反应的时空变化可能与继承过程中的发散发展有关。这项研究的目的是根据冰岛熔岩流的时间序列来推断一次演替期间植被和环境参数的长期时空变化。对年龄在26-848年的7个熔岩流进行了植被调查和关键环境变量（温度，相对湿度和风速）的测量。使用新技术从温度数据推断出积雪的持续时间。配对测量是在地形的低点和高点进行的，因为该位置的先前研究表明，根据地形位置的不同，植被发育也不同。分析表明小气候可以得到长期改善。植被的发展与土壤温度升高，风速降低和积雪持续时间增加有关。也有证据表明，微环境的变化与植被结构的变化平行，尽管这种关系根据所研究的环境参数而变化。灌木发育和积雪之间的正反馈可能构成了研究地点的植被。这些发现对由于气候变化导致灌木覆盖范围扩大的亚北极地区以及退缩的冰暴露的地形上植被的发展具有重要意义。

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