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Body size variation of a high-Arctic seabird: the dovekie (Alle alle)

机译：高北极海鸟的体型变化：鸽子（Alle alle）

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摘要

Variation in body size among subpopulations of the same species may reflect phenotypic or genetic responses to environmental gradients or geographical distance. Here, we examine geographical variation in the body size of the dovekie (Alle alle), the most numerous high-Arctic seabird. Locations of dovekie breeding sites are largely restricted to the high-Arctic zone of the Atlantic. We compared wing length, head-bill length, body mass, and a body size index of 1,076 birds from nine main colonies spanning a large part of the breeding range of the species. Results suggest morphological variation across the studied populations of dovekies, with a longitudinal increase in body size from west to east. The smallest birds breed in the western part of the population (Greenland and Jan Mayen), middle-sized individuals on Svalbard, and the largest birds (A. a. polaris subspecies) breed in the eastern part of the studied area, Franz Josef Land. Environmental (air temperature, wind speed, and sea surface temperature) and geographical (intercolonial distance) parameters were analyzed to explore potential mechanisms driving differences in body size. The body size of birds increased significantly with decreasing air temperature, but only when the two subspecies were considered. We did not find a relationship between sea surface temperature and body size of birds. Also, no close relationship was revealed between birds' body size and the geographical distance between colonies. Whether the body size variation of dovekie can be explained by phenotypic plasticity in response to environmental conditions in wintering areas or a pattern of distance-independent gene flow between colonies remains to be explored.
机译：同一物种亚种群之间体型的变化可能反映了对环境梯度或地理距离的表型或遗传反应。在这里，我们研究了北极最高的海鸟鸽子（Alle alle）体型的地理差异。鸽派繁殖地点的位置主要限于大西洋的高北极地区。我们比较了机翼长度，头喙长度，体重和体重指数，它们来自九个主要殖民地，分布在该物种大部分繁殖范围内，共1,076羽鸟类。结果表明，在所研究的鸽群中，形态发生了变化，体型从西向东纵向增加。最小的鸟类在种群的西部地区（格陵兰和扬马延）繁殖，斯瓦尔巴群岛上的中型个体，最大的鸟类（A. a。polaris亚种）在研究区域的东部地区弗朗兹·约瑟夫土地繁殖。分析了环境（气温，风速和海面温度）和地理（殖民地距离）参数，以探索驱动人体尺寸差异的潜在机制。禽的体型随着气温的降低而显着增加，但是只有在考虑到这两个亚种时才如此。我们没有发现海面温度与鸟类体型之间的关系。而且，没有发现鸟类的体型与殖民地之间的地理距离之间的密切关系。鸽子的体型变化是否可以通过表型可塑性来解释，以应对越冬地区的环境条件或菌落之间的距离无关的基因流模式。

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