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首页> 外文期刊>Polar biology >The prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in polar bears and their marine mammal prey: evidence for a marine transmission pathway?
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The prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in polar bears and their marine mammal prey: evidence for a marine transmission pathway?

机译：弓形虫在其北极熊及其海洋哺乳动物中的盛行：海洋传播途径的证据吗？

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摘要

Little is known about the prevalence of the parasite Toxoplasma gondii in the arctic marine food chain of Svalbard, Norway. In this study, plasma samples were analyzed for T. gondii antibodies using a direct agglutination test. Antibody prevalence was 45.6% among polar bears (Ursus maritimus), 18.7% among ringed seals (Pusa hispida) and 66.7% among adult bearded seals (Erignathus barbatus) from Svalbard, but no sign of antibodies were found in bearded seal pups, harbour seals (Phoca vitulina), white whales (Delphinapterus leucas) or narwhals (Monodon monoceros) from the same area. Prevalence was significantly higher in male polar bears (52.3%) compared with females (39.3%), likely due to dietary differences between the sexes. Compared to an earlier study, T. gondii prevalence in polar bears has doubled in the past decade. Consistently, an earlier study on ringed seals did not detect T. gondii. The high recent prevalence in polar bears, ringed seals and bearded seals could be caused by an increase in the number or survivorship of oocysts being transported via the North Atlantic Current to Svalbard from southern latitudes. Warmer water temperatures have led to influxes of temperate marine invertebrate filter-feeders that could bernvectors for oocysts and warmer water is also likely to favour higher survivorship of oocycts. However, a more diverse than normal array of migratory birds in the Archipelago recently, as well as a marked increase in cruise-ship and other human traffic are also potential sources of T. gondii.
机译：挪威斯瓦尔巴特群岛（Svalbard）的北极海洋食物链中的弓形虫弓形虫的流行情况鲜为人知。在这项研究中，使用直接凝集试验分析了血浆样品中的弓形虫抗体。来自斯瓦尔巴德群岛的北极熊（Ursus maritimus），环斑海豹（Pusa hispida）和成年有胡子海豹（Erignathus barbatus）的抗体流行率分别为45.6％，18.7％和66.7％，但在有胡子的海豹幼崽，海豹中没有发现抗体迹象。 （Phoca vitulina），白鲸（Delphinapterus leucas）或独角鲸（Monodon monoceros）来自同一地区。雄性北极熊（52.3％）的患病率明显高于雌性（39.3％），这可能是由于性别之间的饮食差异所致。与先前的研究相比，过去十年来，北极熊的弓形虫患病率翻了一番。一致地，较早的关于环斑海豹的研究没有检测到弓形虫。北极熊，环状海豹和大胡子海豹近期盛行的原因可能是，通过北大西洋海流从南部纬度运输到斯瓦尔巴特群岛的卵囊的数量或存活率增加。温暖的水温导致温带海洋无脊椎动物滤食性动物涌入，可能成为卵囊的载体，而温暖的水也可能有利于卵囊的高存活率。但是，最近群岛上候鸟的分布比平常更为多样化，游轮和其他人口贩运的显着增加，也可能是弓形虫的来源。

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  • 来源
    《Polar biology》 |2010年第5期|p.599-606|共8页
  • 作者

    S. K. Jensen; Jon Aars; C. Lydersen; K. M. Kovacs; K. Asbakk;

  • 作者单位

    Institute for Biology, University of Tromso, 9037 Tromsoe, Norway Norwegian Polar Institute, 9005 Tromso, Norway;

    Norwegian Polar Institute, 9005 Tromso, Norway;

    Norwegian Polar Institute, 9005 Tromso, Norway;

    Norwegian Polar Institute, 9005 Tromso, Norway;

    Section of Arctic Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, 9010 Tromso, Norway;

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  • 正文语种 eng
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  • 关键词

    climate change; disease; arctic;

    机译：气候变化;疾病;北极;

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