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Succession of sea-ice bacterial communities in the Baltic Sea fast ice

机译：波罗的海快速冰中海冰细菌群落的演替

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Coastal fast ice and underlying water of the northern Baltic Sea were sampled throughout the entire ice winter from January to late March in 2002 to study the succession of bacterial biomass, secondary production and community structure. Temperature gradient gel electrophoresis (TGGE) and sequencing of TGGE fragments were applied in the community structure analysis. Chlorophyll-a and composition of autotrophic and heterotrophic assemblages were also examined. Overall succession of ice organism assemblages consisted of a low-productive stage, the main algal bloom, and a heterotrophic post-bloom situation, as typical for the study area. The most important groups of organisms in ice in terms of biomass were dinofiagellates, plasticidic flagellates, rotifers and ciliates. Ice bacteria showed a specific succession not directly dependent on the overall succession events of ice organisms. Sequenced 16S rDNA fragments were mainly affiliated to α-, β-, and γ-proteobacterial phyla and Cytophaga-Flavobacterium-Bacteroides-group, and related to sequences from cold environments, also from the Baltic Sea. Temporal clustering of the TGGE fingerprints was stronger than spatial, although lower ice and underlying water communities always clustered together, pointing to the importance of ice maturity and ice-water interactions in shaping the bacterial communities.
机译：在2002年1月至3月下旬的整个冰冬期间，对波罗的海北部的沿海快速冰和底层水进行了采样，以研究细菌生物量的演替，次生生产和群落结构。温度梯度凝胶电泳（TGGE）和TGGE片段的测序被用于群落结构分析。还检查了叶绿素-a和自养和异养组合的组成。冰域生物群落的总体演替包括低产期，主要藻华和异养后花后情况，这是研究区域的典型情况。在冰中，就生物量而言，冰中最重要的生物群是茶黄藻酸酯，可塑鞭毛虫，轮虫和纤毛虫。冰细菌显示出特定的演替，而不直接依赖于冰生物的整体演替事件。测序的16S rDNA片段主要与α-，β-和γ-变形杆菌门和细胞吞噬黄杆菌-拟杆菌属相关，并且与来自寒冷环境（也来自波罗的海）的序列有关。 TGGE指纹的时间聚类要强于空间聚类，尽管下部冰层和下层水群落总是聚在一起，这表明冰成熟度和冰水相互作用在塑造细菌群落中的重要性。

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