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Observations of mortality associated with extended open-water swimming by polar bears in the Alaskan Beaufort Sea

机译：观察与阿拉斯加博福特海中北极熊长时间开放水域游泳有关的死亡率

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摘要

During aerial surveys in September 1987-2003, a total of 315 live polar bears were observed with 12 (3.8%) animals in open water, defined for purposes of this analysis as marine waters > 2 km north of the Alaska Beaufort Sea coastline or associated barrier islands. No polar bear carcasses were observed. During aerial surveys in early September, 2004, 55 polar bears (Ursus maritimus) were seen, 51 were alive and of those 10 (19.9%) were in open water. In addition, four polar bear carcasses were seen floating in open water and had, presumably, drowned. Average distance from land and pack ice edge for live polar bears swimming in open water in 2004 (n= 10) were 8.3±3.0 and 177.4±5.1 km, respectively. We speculate that mortalities due to offshore swimming during late-ice (or mild ice) years may be an important and unaccounted source of natural mortality given energetic demands placed on individual bears engaged in long-distance swimming. We further suggest that drowning-related deaths of polar bears may increase in the future if the observed trend of regression of pack ice and/or longer open water periods continues.
机译：在1987-2003年9月的航测期间，在开放水中共观察到315只活北极熊，其中12只（3.8％）动物被定义为该分析的目的是在阿拉斯加博福特海海岸线以北2公里处或相关海域屏障岛。没有观察到北极熊的尸体。在2004年9月上旬的航测中，发现了55只北极熊，其中51只活着，其中10只（19.9％）在开阔水域中。此外，还发现有四只北极熊尸体在露天水中漂浮，可能淹死了。 2004年，在开阔水域中游泳的活北极熊的陆地和浮冰边缘的平均距离（n = 10）分别为8.3±3.0 km和177.4±5.1 km。我们推测，考虑到对参加长距离游泳的单个熊的积极需求，晚冰（或中冰）年海上游泳造成的死亡可能是重要的自然死亡原因，原因不明。我们进一步建议，如果观察到的冰块消退和/或更长的开阔水域持续下去的趋势，与溺水相关的北极熊死亡可能在未来增加。

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