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首页> 外文期刊>Polar biology >Origin, activity and environmental acclimation of stem secondary tissues of the polar willow (Salix polaris) in high-Arctic Spitsbergen
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Origin, activity and environmental acclimation of stem secondary tissues of the polar willow (Salix polaris) in high-Arctic Spitsbergen

机译：高北极斯匹次卑尔根州极地杨柳（Salix polaris）茎次生组织的起源，活动和环境适应

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摘要

High Arctic is an intensively explored region in relation to predicted global warming. Its long-term impact is analysed in dwarf-shrubs, such as a widely distributed and pioneering species Salix polaris (polar willow). Understanding the functioning of lateral meristems in these dwarf-shrubs is however limited, affecting interpretation of the data. The presented study focused on the formation and anatomy of the derived secondary tissues in the stems of S. polaris from polar habitats. The entire branches of the polar willow were collected in five vegetation types of tundra located in SW Spitsbergen (Svalbard) and analysed on the series of transverse and longitudinal sections. Our analyses showed that the periderm developed in two or three-year old stems as the secondary protective tissue, and that the multiple epidermis, typical of many willow species, was not formed in S. polaris. The secondary xylem in the polar willow stems showed considerable differences in diameter and length of vessel elements within a single stem. Importantly, the size of the vessel elements differed also depending on the tundra vegetation type. Our findings suggest that the soil moisture was a main factor determining the size of vessels, and that their size was not correlated to the nitrogen supply. Our study thus demonstrated the usefulness of different anatomical features of wood, in above-ground organs, in High Arctic research.
机译：北极高海拔地区是一个与预计的全球变暖有关的深入研究地区。在矮灌木丛中分析了它的长期影响，例如分布广泛且具有开创性的物种柳柳（极柳）。然而，了解这些矮灌木中的侧生分生组织的功能是有限的，影响了数据的解释。提出的研究集中在极地生境中极地链球菌茎中衍生的次生组织的形成和解剖。极地柳树的整个分支都收集在位于西南斯匹次卑尔根州（斯瓦尔巴特群岛）的五种植被类型的冻原中，并进行了一系列横向和纵向剖面分析。我们的分析表明，在两到三岁的茎中发育的皮层是次要保护组织，极地链球菌中没有形成许多柳树种所特有的多表皮。极地柳树茎中的次生木质部在单个茎中显示出不同的直径和长度的血管元件。重要的是，脉管元件的大小也根据苔原植被类型而有所不同。我们的发现表明土壤湿度是决定容器大小的主要因素，并且它们的大小与氮的供应无关。因此，我们的研究证明了高北极研究中地上器官中木材不同解剖特征的有用性。

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