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Behavioral assessment of in-air hearing range for the Pacific walrus (Odobenus rosmarus divergens)

机译：太平洋海豚的空中听力范围的行为评估（Odobenus Rosmarus Divergens）

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摘要

The conservation status of wild walruses (Odobenus rosmarus) is influenced by rapid warming of the Arctic, loss of seasonal sea ice, and increasing pressures related to anthropogenic activities and associated noise. Few data are available regarding acoustic sensitivity in walruses, although the species is known to be vulnerable to human disturbance. Here, we provide new information to describe the range of sound frequencies that are audible to walruses. These data were obtained through partnership with the Walrus Conservation Consortium and two zoological facilities. Two adult female walruses were trained to cooperate in an auditory detection task by responding to relatively high-amplitude airborne tones of approximately 80 dB re 20 mu Pa. Once performance was reliable, behavioral responses were generalized to a range of frequencies spanning more than six octaves. The upper- and lower-frequency limits of hearing were determined during audiometric testing with fully calibrated sounds. Results confirmed an audible range of hearing extending from 60 Hz to 23 kHz in air. Hearing range in water is expected to be similar or broader at high frequencies. This study provides evidence that hearing in walruses is different from that of other marine carnivores, including seals, sea lions, and sea otters, and better than suggested by early reports for the species.
机译：野生胡萝卜（Odobenus Rosmarus）的保护状况受到北极，季节性海冰丧失的快速变暖的影响，以及与人为活动相关的压力以及相关的噪音。虽然已知物种易受人类扰动，但少数关于海象的声学敏感性的数据很少。在这里，我们提供新信息来描述对Walrus的声音的声音范围。这些数据是通过与海象保护财团和两个动物园的伙伴关系获得的。培训两只成年女性海象以通过响应大约80 dB的空中音调约80 dB的空气传播，培训在听觉检测任务中进行培训。一旦性能可靠，行为响应都是广泛的，这是一系列跨越六个八八八八八八八。在具有完全校准的声音的听力测试期间测定听力的上频率和较低频率限制。结果确认了在空气中从60 Hz延伸到23 kHz的可听的听觉。预计水中的听力范围预计在高频上也具有相似或更宽。本研究提供了证据表明，瓦鲁古斯的听证会与其他海洋食肉动物（包括海豹，海狮和海獭）不同，而且比物种的早期报告所建议更好。

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