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Impact of ocean acidification and warming on mitochondrial enzymes and membrane lipids in two Gadoid species

机译：海洋酸化和升温对三种诱饵酶和膜脂质的影响

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摘要

Mitochondrial respiration is a multi-step pathway that involves matrix and membrane-associated enzymes and plays a key role in acclimation to variable environmental conditions, but until now it has not been clear which of these steps would be most important in acclimation to changing temperatures and CO2 levels. Considering scenarios of ocean warming and acidification we assessed the role and limitation to phenotypic plasticity in the hearts of two Gadoid species adapted to different thermal ranges: the polar cod (Boreogadus saida), an Arctic stenotherm, and the Northeast Arctic population of Atlantic cod (NEAC, Gadus morhua), a cold eurytherm. We analysed the capacity of single enzymes involved in mitochondrial respiration [citrate synthase (CS), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), cytochrome c oxidase (CCO)], the capacity of the electron transport system and the lipid class composition of the cellular membranes. Juveniles of the two species were held for four months at four temperatures (0, 3, 6, 8 degrees C for polar cod and 3, 8, 12, 16 degrees C for NEAC), at both ambient and elevated P-CO2 (400 mu atm and 1170 mu atm, respectively). Polar cod showed no changes in mitochondrial enzyme capacities and in the relative lipid class composition in response to altered temperature or elevated P-CO2. The lack of cardiac cellular plasticity together with evidence at the whole-animal level coming from other studies is indicative of little or no ability to overcome stenothermy, in particular during acclimation to 8 degrees C. In contrast, eurythermal NEAC exhibited modifications of membrane composition towards a more rigid structure and altered enzyme capacities to preserve functionality at higher temperatures. Furthermore, in NEAC, the capacities of SDH, CCO and CS were increased by high levels of CO2 if combined with high temperatures (12 and 16 degrees C), suggesting the compensation of an inhibitory effect. These results indicate that the cold eurythermal species (NEAC) is able to alter its mitochondrial function to a far greater extent than the Arctic stenotherm (polar cod), indicating greater resilience to variable environmental conditions. This difference in plasticity may underpin differences in the resilience to climate change and affect future species distributions and, eventually, survival.
机译：线粒体呼吸是一种多步途径，其涉及基质和膜相关酶，并在适应于可变环境条件下发挥关键作用，但直到现在，目前尚不清楚这些步骤中的哪一个在适应温度和变化的温度下最重要二氧化碳水平。考虑到海洋变暖和酸化的情况，我们评估了两种菌类物种的表型可塑性的作用和限制，适用于不同的热范围：极性鳕鱼（Boreogadus Seada），北极塞米接种和东北北极地区的大西洋鳕鱼（ NeAc，Gadus Morhua），一个冷的eurytherm。我们分析了参与线粒体呼吸的单一酶的能力[柠檬酸合酶（Cs），琥珀酸酯脱氢酶（SDH），细胞色素C氧化酶（CCO）]，电子传输系统的能力和细胞膜的脂质类组成。在环境和升高的P-CO2（400 Mu ATM和1170亩ATM）。极性COD显示出线粒体酶容量和相对脂质类组合物没有变化，响应于改变的温度或升高的P-CO 2。来自其他研究的全动物水平的证据表明缺乏心脏细胞塑性的表明克服稳定性的少量或没有能力，特别是在灌注到8摄氏度期间。相比之下，Eurythermal NeAc表现出对膜组合物的修饰更刚性的结构和改变的酶能力，以在较高温度下保持函数。此外，如果结合高温（12和16℃），则在NEAC中，通过高水平的CO 2增加SDH，CCO和Cs的容量，表明抑制效果的补偿。这些结果表明，寒冷的Eurythermate（NeAc）能够在比北极馏分（极鳕鱼）更大程度上改变其线粒体功能，表明可变环境条件的更大的弹性。这种可塑性的这种差异可能是对气候变化的抵御能力的差异，并影响未来物种分布，最终生存。

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  • 来源
    《Polar biology》 |2020年第8期|1109-1120|共12页
  • 作者

    Leo Elettra; Graeve Martin; Storch Daniela; Poertner Hans-O; Mark Felix C.;

  • 作者单位

    Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res Alfred Wegener Inst Integrat Ecophysiol Handelshafen 12 D-27570 Bremerhaven Germany|Univ Bremen Fachbereich 2 NW 2 Leobener Str D-28359 Bremen Germany;

    Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res Alfred Wegener Inst Ecol Chem Handelshafen 12 D-27570 Bremerhaven Germany;

    Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res Alfred Wegener Inst Integrat Ecophysiol Handelshafen 12 D-27570 Bremerhaven Germany;

    Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res Alfred Wegener Inst Integrat Ecophysiol Handelshafen 12 D-27570 Bremerhaven Germany|Univ Bremen Fachbereich 2 NW 2 Leobener Str D-28359 Bremen Germany;

    Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res Alfred Wegener Inst Integrat Ecophysiol Handelshafen 12 D-27570 Bremerhaven Germany;

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  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

    Atlantic cod; Climate change; Lipid class; Metabolism; Mitochondria; Polar cod; Mitochondrial enzyme;

    机译：大西洋鳕鱼;气候变化;脂肪类;新陈代谢;线粒体;极鳕鱼;线粒体酶;

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