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首页> 外文期刊>Polar biology >Ontogenetic changes in the buoyancy and salinity tolerance of eggs and larvae of polar cod (Boreogadus saida) and other gadids
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Ontogenetic changes in the buoyancy and salinity tolerance of eggs and larvae of polar cod (Boreogadus saida) and other gadids

机译：卵子鳕鱼和幼虫（Boreogadus Seaaa）和其他腐蚀性血液和盐度耐受性的植入变化

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Climate change in Arctic and sub-Arctic seas is leading to rapid changes in the dispersal potential of marine organisms. In Alaskan waters, loss of sea ice and salinity changes associated with warming may have a strong effect on the distribution and survival of eggs and larvae of key fish species at the Pacific-Arctic interface, such as polar cod (Boreogadus saida) in the Chukchi Sea and walleye pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus) in the northern Bering Sea. We conducted laboratory experiments to investigate how changes in ontogeny and salinity influenced the buoyancy and survival of eggs and larvae of these and two other gadids (Pacific cod,Gadus macrocephalusand saffron cod,Eleginus gracilis). Polar cod egg density varied among family groups, but eggs were more buoyant than those of walleye pollock overall. Eggs of both species followed a typical pattern of increasing density early in development. After hatching, polar cod and walleye pollock larvae were similar in density, and were notably more buoyant than the larvae of species with demersal eggs (Pacific cod and saffron cod). Larvae of the two Arctic species (polar cod and saffron cod) were less sensitive to salinity challenges than the sub-Arctic gadids, but polar cod became more sensitive at 6 weeks post-hatch. These results highlight possible adaptations of polar cod to ensure that their eggs are positioned under or near ice after spawning so that larvae hatch in productive surface waters during ice break-up. A comparison of modeled seawater densities to egg densities during the post-spawning period suggests that walleye pollock eggs would only be in contact with seasonal sea ice on the northern edge of their distribution at latitudes above ~ 63 degrees N. The synergic effects of environmental variables on vertical distribution of eggs and their survival potential will be important biogeographic mechanisms to consider with climatic warming and continued loss of sea ice.
机译：北极和亚天北极海的气候变化导致海洋生物的分散潜力的快速变化。在阿拉斯加的水域中，与变暖相关的海冰和盐度变化可能对太平洋 - 北极界面的关键鱼类的卵和幼虫的分布和存活有很大的影响，例如Chukchi中的极性鳕鱼（Boreogadus Seda）海和Walleye Pollock（Gadus Chalcogrammus）在北飞行的海。我们进行了实验室实验，探讨了组来和盐度的变化如何影响卵和幼虫的浮力和幼虫（Pacific Cod，Gadus Macrocephalus和Saffron Cod，Eleginus Gracilis）的浮力和存活率。 Polar Cod蛋密度在家庭组中变化，但鸡蛋比Walleye Pollock整体更蓬松。两种物种的鸡蛋遵循了发育早期较高密度的典型模式。在孵化后，极性鳕鱼和幼兰幼虫在密度相似，并且比具有卵子卵（太平洋鳕鱼和藏红鳕鱼）的物种的幼虫更加蓬松。两种北极物种（极鳕鱼和藏红鳕鱼）的幼虫对盐度挑战的敏感性比亚北极损伤更敏感，但极性鳕鱼在舱口后6周变得更敏感。这些结果突出了极性COD的可能调整，以确保产卵后的鸡蛋在冰后定位，使幼虫在冰分手期间在生产性表面水域孵化。在产卵后时期模型海水密度对鸡蛋密度的比较表明，Walleye Collock卵只会与其在纬度的北边与季节性海冰接触，以高于〜63度N.环境变量的协同效应关于鸡蛋的垂直分布及其生存潜力将是重要的生物地理机制，以考虑气候变暖和持续失去海冰。

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