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Auditory biology of bearded seals (Erignathus barbatus)

机译：大胡子密封的听觉生物学（Esignathus Barbatus）

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Bearded seals (Erignathus barbatus) have a circumpolar Arctic distribution and are closely associated with unstable pack ice, spending nearly all of their lives in remote habitats. As a result, their biology and behavior remain largely unknown. With respect to sensory biology, bearded seals-like other marine mammals-rely on acoustic cues to support a range of vital behaviors. Acoustic monitoring from moored instrumentation has revealed a rich repertoire of underwater calls associated with the breeding season. However, the ability of bearded seals to perceive sound has never been investigated. In this study, species-typical auditory profiles were obtained from two young male bearded seals trained to cooperate in a goo-go sound detection paradigm. Hearing thresholds were measured for underwater tonal sounds at frequencies between 0.1 and 61 kHz, in quiet conditions and in the presence of octave-band masking noise. The bearded seals displayed sensitive underwater hearing with peak sensitivity near 50 dB re 1 mu Pa and a broad frequency range of best hearing extending from approximately 0.3 to 45 kHz. Additionally, the two seals performed particularly well compared to other mammals when detecting target signals embedded within background noise; critical ratios ranged from 12 to 30 dB between 0.1 and 25.6 kHz. These findings improve understanding of the acoustic ecology of bearded seals, inform best management practices related to anthropogenic noise in Arctic habitats, and provide insight into comparative auditory capabilities within the lineage of phocid seals.
机译：有胡子的密封（Esignathus Barbatus）具有Circumpolar北极分布，与不稳定的包装冰密切相关，几乎所有的生活都在遥远的栖息地中。结果，他们的生物学和行为仍然很大程度上是未知的。关于感官生物学，有胡子的密封件 - 就像其他海洋哺乳动物 - 依赖于声学线索，以支持一系列重要的行为。停泊仪器的声学监测揭示了与繁殖季节相关的水下呼叫的丰富曲目。然而，从未调查过胡子密封件对感知声音的能力。在本研究中，物种 - 典型的听觉型材是从培训的两个年轻的雄性胡须密封件中获得，以便在GO / NO-GO-GO-GO-GO-GO-GO-GO-GO-GO-GO-GO-GO-POSE检测范式中进行配合。测量听力阈值，以在0.1和61 kHz的频率下，在安静条件下和八度带掩蔽噪声的存在下测量水下色调声音。大胡子密封件显示敏感的水下听觉，峰值灵敏度接近50 dB Re 1 mu Pa，以及从大约0.3到45 kHz延伸的最佳听力的宽频范围。另外，在检测到嵌入背景噪声内的目标信号时，与其他哺乳动物相比，两种密封件特别良好;关键比率范围为0.1和25.6 kHz之间的12至30 dB。这些调查结果改善了对胡须密封的声学生态的理解，告知北极栖息地中的人为噪声相关的最佳管理实践，并在Phocid密封件谱系内深入了解比较听觉能力。

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