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首页> 外文期刊>Polar biology >Extreme diving of females at the largest colony of New Zealand sea lions, Phocarctos hookeri
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Extreme diving of females at the largest colony of New Zealand sea lions, Phocarctos hookeri

机译：在新西兰海狮的最大殖民地的妇女极端潜水，Phocarctos Hookeri

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摘要

The diving behaviours of marine predators are thought to be coupled with species demographics. Species that forage at or close to their physiological limits will be limited in their ability to respond to natural or anthropogenic induced changes in their environment. This is the case for the New Zealand sea lion (Phocarctos hookeri). A previous study from Enderby Island, Auckland Islands, the third largest colony for the endangered species, showed lactating females exhibit extreme diving behaviour, and that individuals have either: a benthic diving ecotype or a deeper, more varied mesopelagic diving ecotype which are maintained throughout their adult life. The ecological significance and implications for individual foraging specialisation has major consequences for this species as mesopelagic foragers are more likely to suffer mortality from fisheries than benthic foragers. We investigated the diving behaviour of lactating females from Dundas Island, Auckland Islands, the largest breeding colony for New Zealand sea lions. The diving behaviour of 24 lactating females was examined and confirmed that both diving ecotypes exist and that females at this colony are also operating at the upper limit of their physiological capability. Enderby and Dundas Island are the largest breeding colonies for the New Zealand sea lion and together represent 69% of this species pup production. This population has significantly declined since 1998, predominantly due to direct and indirect fisheries interactions. Measurable conservation and management steps are therefore critical to mitigate the impacts of fisheries on this population.
机译：海洋捕食者的潜水行为被认为与物种人口统计学结合。物种饲料或接近其生理限制的物种将受到应对自然或人为诱导的环境变化的能力。这是新西兰海狮（Phocarctos Hookeri）的情况。奥克兰群岛的先前学习，濒危物种的第三大殖民地，显示出哺乳期雌性表现出极端的潜水行为，并且该个人有：终身潜水的生态型或更深，更加多样化的凹面潜水生态型他们的成年人生活。为个人觅食专业化的生态意义和影响对该物种具有重大影响，因为中源性觅食者更容易受到渔业的死亡率而不是底栖的逼迫者。我们调查了奥克兰岛，奥克兰岛屿，新西兰海狮最大的育种殖民地的哺乳岛的潜水行为。检查了24名哺乳期女性的潜水行为，并确认了潜水生态型存在，这种殖民地的女性也在其生理能力的上限运行。 Enderby和Dundas Island是新西兰海狮的最大育种殖民地，共同占该物种PUP生产的69％。自1998年以来，该人群大幅下降，主要是由于直接和间接的渔业互动。因此，可衡量的节约和管理步骤对于减轻渔业对这群人群的影响至关重要。

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