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首页> 外文期刊>Polar biology >Comparative morphology of Southern Ocean Euphausia species: ecological significance of sexual dimorphic features
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Comparative morphology of Southern Ocean Euphausia species: ecological significance of sexual dimorphic features

机译：南海昆育物种的比较形态：性二维特征生态意义

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摘要

Species of the genus Euphausia dominate the euphausiid biomass of the Southern Ocean, the three largest being Euphausia superba, E. triacantha and E. crystallorophias. We measured a number of morphological features to identify differences between, and within, these species to obtain ecological insights. Interspecifically, the greatest difference was carapace size, with that of E. superba being by far the largest and most variable. This likely reflects its prolific spawning capacity compared with other euphausiid species. E. triacantha exhibited an extended sixth abdominal segment that could facilitate greater levels of thrust in the tail flip escape response. The pleopods, which provide propulsion in forward swimming, were more than 50% larger in E. superba, indicating a greater capacity for directional movement at high velocities. E. crystallorophias had eyes that were almost double the size of those in E. superba and E. triacantha, which may help retain visual resolution within its under-ice habitat. Intraspecifically, we found the above morphological features differed little between sexes and developmental stages in E. crystallorophias and E. triacantha, but differed significantly in E. superba. Compared to females and juveniles, male E. superba had significantly larger eyes and pleopods, whilst the carapace in males became shorter as a proportion of body length during growth. These features indicate a greater capacity for searching and swimming in males, which, we hypothesise, increases their ability to locate and fertilise females. This morphological specialisation in male E. superba is indicative of comparatively greater inter-male competition resulting from its tendency to form large, dense swarms.
机译：euphausia属的种类主导了南海的euphausiid生物量，这是euphausia superba，大肠杆菌和e. crystallophias的三大。我们测量了许多形态特征，以识别这些物种之间的差异，以获得生态见解。相互渗透地，最大的差异是甲壳规模，E. Superba的概要到目前为止，最大，最具变量。与其他Euphausiid物种相比，这可能反映了其多产的产能。 E. Triacantha表现出延长的第六腹部段，可以促进尾部翻转逃逸反应中的更大水平。在Superba中提供前向游泳前进的推进的隆起均大于50％，表明高速速度的定向运动能力更大。 E. CrystAllophias具有几乎将E. Superba和E. TrioIacantha的大小增加的眼睛，这可能有助于保持其冰居境内的视觉分辨率。有性地，我们发现上述形态特征在大肠病和大肠杆菌中的性别和发育阶段之间的不同程度不同，但在E. Superba中有显着差异。与女性和青少年相比，男性E. Superba具有明显更大的眼睛和润肤孔，而雄性的甲壳体变短，因为在生长期间的体长比例较短。这些特征表明，在男性中搜索和游泳的更大能力，我们假设会增加他们定位和施肥女性的能力。这种形态学专业从事雄性E. Superba表明，由于其形成大型密集群体的趋势，造成的相对更大的雄性竞争。

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