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Towards an understanding of involuntary firearms discharges Possible risks and implications for training

机译：理解非自愿枪支的释放可能对培训产生的风险和影响

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Purpose - To identify environmental and physiological factors that may interact to bring about accidental discharges of firearms; and to make suggestions regarding the training of police officers with the aim of reducing such incidents. Design/methodology/approach - A pistol was fitted with sensors to register the pressure exerted on both the hand-stock and the trigger of the weapon. Participants then performed 13 different tasks, each of which required the use of different limbs while holding the prepared weapon. Findings - Results suggest that motor activity in different limbs can lead to a significant increase in grip force exerted on a firearm, and that the amount of force exerted on the weapon is dependent on the intensity and type of movement and the limb involved in the movement. For movements of the contralateral arm a tendency for higher forces to be exerted on a weapon during pulling than during pushing movements was found, whereas the force with which the movement was performed did not seem to have any influence. In contrast, for movements involving the legs, findings indicate that increasingly more forceful leg-movements lead to a progressively higher risk of unintentionally discharging a firearm due to unintended muscle activity, whereas the type of movement does not seem to influence the amount of force produced in the hand carrying the weapon. Generally, the use of the lower limbs appears to offer a greater danger for involuntary discharges resulting from unintended muscle activity than movements involving the contralateral arm. Practical implications - Results point towards evidence-based methods for training police officers that may reduce the danger of involuntary discharges of a firearm in a real life situation. Originality/value - This paper provides the first empirical research to identify which movements of the human body are more or less likely to induce unintended muscle activity in the hand carrying a firearm which may evoke involuntary discharges.
机译：目的-确定可能相互作用而导致枪支意外放电的环境和生理因素；并就培训警官提出建议，以减少此类事件的发生。设计/方法/方法-手枪装有传感器，以记录施加在手枪和扳机上的压力。然后，参与者执行了13个不同的任务，每个任务在握持准备好的武器时都需要使用不同的肢体。研究结果-结果表明，不同肢体的运动可能导致施加在枪支上的抓地力显着增加，并且施加在武器上的力的大小取决于运动的强度和类型以及参与运动的肢体。对于对侧臂的运动，发现在拉动期间比在推动运动期间向武器施加更大的力的趋势，而进行该运动的力似乎没有任何影响。相反，对于涉及腿部的运动，研究结果表明，越来越多的有力的腿部运动导致由于意想不到的肌肉活动而无意中释放枪支的风险逐渐增加，而运动的类型似乎并不影响所产生的力量手里拿着武器。通常，与对侧手臂的运动相比，下肢的使用似乎为因意外的肌肉活动导致的非自愿出院提供了更大的危险。实际意义-结果指向培训警察的循证方法，可以减少现实生活中枪支非自愿释放的危险。独创性/价值-本文提供了第一项实证研究，以识别人体的哪些运动或多或少会在携带枪支的手中诱发意外的肌肉活动，这可能引起非自愿放电。

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