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首页> 外文期刊>Policy Studies >Rover and out? Globalisation, the West Midlands auto cluster, and the end of MG Rover
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Rover and out? Globalisation, the West Midlands auto cluster, and the end of MG Rover

机译：流浪者出来了吗？全球化，西米德兰兹郡汽车集群以及MG罗孚的终结

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This paper sets the scene for this Policy Studies special issue on plant closures by outlining the form of the auto cluster in the West Midlands, the nature of structural changes unfolding in the industry, and the decline and eventual collapse of MG Rover (MGR). Structural changes highlighted include: greater pressure on firms to recover costs when technological change has been intensifying, driving up the costs of new model development; increased international sourcing of modular components; and a shift of final assembly operations towards lower-cost locations. All of these make maintaining mature clusters such as the West Midlands more challenging for firms and policy-makers. The paper then looks at 'what went wrong' at MGR. Given long-run problems at the firm and its inability to recover costs, BMW's sale of the firm in 2000 left MGR virtually dead on its feet, and by 2002/2003 it was clear to many that the firm was running out of time. Whilst recognising that the firm's demise was ultimately a long-term failure of management, the paper also looks at other contributing factors, including government policy mistakes over the years, such as the misguided 'national champions' approach in the 1950s and 1960s, a failure to integrate activities under nationalisation in the 1970s, a mistaken privatisation to British Aerospace in the 1980s, and a downside of competition policy in 'allowing' the sale to a largely inappropriate owner in BMW in the 1990s. The considerable volatility of sterling in recent years hastened the firm's eventual demise.
机译：本文通过概述西米德兰兹郡的汽车集群的形式，行业中结构变化的性质以及MG罗孚（MGR）的衰落和最终崩溃，为有关关闭工厂的政策研究专刊奠定了基础。突出的结构性变化包括：当技术变化加剧时，企业要收回成本的压力更大，从而推高了新模型开发的成本；增加了模块化组件的国际采购；以及将最终组装业务转移到低成本地点。所有这些使保持成熟的集群（如西米德兰兹）对公司和决策者更具挑战性。然后，论文着眼于MGR的“出了什么问题”。考虑到该公司的长期问题以及无法收回成本，宝马在2000年出售该公司使MGR几乎步履维艰，到2002/2003年，许多人都清楚该公司的时间已不多了。尽管认识到公司的消亡最终是管理层的长期失败，但该论文还着眼于其他促成因素，包括多年来的政府政策失误，例如1950年代和1960年代误导的“国家拥护者”方法，一次失败。整合了1970年代国有化下的活动，1980年代误将英国航空航天公司私有化，以及竞争政策的不利之处，即在1990年代“允许”出售给宝马的一位不适当的车主。近年来，英镑的大幅波动加速了该公司的最终灭亡。

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