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The housing and neighbourhood impacts of knowledge-based economic development following industrial closure

机译：产业关闭后知识型经济发展对住房和社区的影响

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摘要

Economic development initiatives following large-scale industrial closures often seek to regenerate the local economy through investment in technology and knowledge-intensive activities. The resulting changes in the make-up of the local workforce are in turn likely to generate new forms of demand for housing; demand that will not necessarily be met by the residential offer of the neighbourhoods worst affected by the initial closure. This paper explores these processes through a study of the proposals for a science park as a component of the programme to redevelop the Longbridge site in Birmingham in the UK, following the closure of the Rover automotive plant in 2005. The paper examines the capacity of local workers to take up the anticipated high-technology jobs; the likely configuration of an incoming workforce; and the fit between the housing requirements of these new workers and the residential offer of neighbourhoods in the Longbridge area. It concludes that there is likely to be a poor match between the housing and residential characteristics of neighbourhoods most closely associated with the plant closure and the requirements of an incoming high-tech workforce. This in turn raises a policy dilemma. On the one hand there is a necessity to secure economic diversification for the local economy as a whole, whilst on the other is the requirement to address the specific needs of the discrete neighbourhoods most affected by the closure and whose quality of place offer is often furthest from the requirements of the incoming workforce. A number of policy implications are discussed, drawing on the experience of recent housing and regeneration policy.
机译：大规模工业关闭之后的经济发展举措通常试图通过对技术和知识密集型活动的投资来恢复当地经济。随之而来的当地劳动力构成的变化可能会产生新的住房需求形式；受最初关闭影响最严重的社区的住房要约不一定能满足需求。本文通过研究科学园的提案来探讨这些过程，该提案是在2005年罗孚汽车厂关闭后重建英国伯明翰长桥基地计划的组成部分。本文研究了当地的能力工人从事预期的高科技工作；即将到来的劳动力的可能配置；这些新工人的住房要求与长桥地区居民区的住房要求之间的契合度。结论是，与工厂关闭最密切相关的社区的住房和居住特征之间的匹配度可能不高，而新来的高科技劳动力的需求也可能不匹配。反过来，这引起了政策困境。一方面，有必要确保整个地方经济的经济多元化，另一方面，需要解决受封锁影响最严重，地点质量往往最差的离散社区的特殊需求。从新进劳动力的需求出发。结合最近的住房和重建政策的经验，讨论了许多政策含义。

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