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Managing Phosphorus in Polish Agriculture - Production and Environmental Aspects

机译：波兰农业中的磷管理-生产和环境方面

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摘要

Phosphorus (P) is an essential building block of life. It is an irreplaceable part of agriculture, as there is no substitute for its use for producing food and feed. The objective of P fertilization is to add an adequate (in regard to soil test P) amount of P to produce an economical yield. Unbalanced P management leads to P wastage, lower cost-effectiveness of production, and water quality impairment. The aim of this paper is to analyze the structure and trends in the consumption of phosphorus mineral fertilizers and to draw gross phosphorus balance in Poland (NUTS level 1) and by regions (NUTS level 2). In Poland, P for agriculture is mainly applied as a compound fertilizer, among which diammonium phosphate represents the greatest share. Average P consumption rate in Poland has declined slightly since 2008, currently reaching 24.4 kg P2O5.ha(-1) UAA. The differences in intensity of farming, measured by the consumption of PMF, reached more than 200%, and this differentiation has intensified over the years. The polarization of Polish agriculture is also confirmed by GPB outcome, as differences between provinces are in the range of -1.9 kg P.ha(-1) UAA in Malopolskie to 7.7 kg P.ha(-1) UAA in the Wielkopolskie region. The differences in crop and animal production in Poland are largely conditioned by both organizational and production management, which conjointly affect agricultural phosphorus use efficiency.
机译：磷（P）是生命必不可少的组成部分。它是农业不可替代的组成部分，因为它不能替代其用于生产食品和饲料的用途。施磷的目的是增加适量（相对于土壤试验磷）的磷，以产生经济的产量。磷管理不平衡会导致磷浪费，生产成本效益降低和水质受损。本文旨在分析磷矿物肥料消费的结构和趋势，并得出波兰（NUTS 1级）和各地区（NUTS 2级）的总磷平衡。在波兰，农业用磷主要用作复合肥料，其中磷酸二铵占最大份额。自2008年以来，波兰的平均磷消费量略有下降，目前达到24.4公斤P2O5.ha（-1）UAA。用PMF的消耗量来衡量的耕作强度差异达到了200％以上，并且这种差异在过去几年中加剧了。 GPB结果也证实了波兰农业的两极分化，因为各省之间的差异在Malopolskie的-1.9 kg P.ha（-1）UAA到Wielkopolskie地区的7.7 kg P.ha（-1）UAA。波兰农作物和动物生产的差异主要受组织和生产管理的制约，这共同影响农业磷的利用效率。

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