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首页> 外文期刊>Polish Journal of Environmental Studies >Evaluation of Water Quality for Drinking and Agricultural Suitability in the Lower Indus Plain in Sindh Province, Pakistan
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Evaluation of Water Quality for Drinking and Agricultural Suitability in the Lower Indus Plain in Sindh Province, Pakistan

机译：巴基斯坦信德省下印度平原平原饮用水水质和农业适宜性评价

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摘要

Indus Basin represents a conjunctive system for ground and surface water use. From it, originates the world's largest irrigation system underlain a deep alluvium and well transmissive aquifer resulting in higher water table. At present, this area is at risk of ground water aquifer contamination due to extensive agricultural activities that needs to be constantly monitored. A total of 218 ground water samples were collected across the Sindh Province and were evaluated for drinking and agricultural purpose subjected to Hydrochemical analysis. The analytical parameters were compared with WHO and Pakistan water quality standards and majority of the samples were found not potable. 62.84% of EC samples, 34.86% TDS, 43% Na+, 17.88% Cl-, 26.60% SO42-,, 39.44% HCO3-, 41.7% turbidity and 35.32% hardness in the samples were found to exceed the WHO standard limit of drinking water. Interpolation technique was used though Arc. GIS to determine the spatial distribution of major ground water quality parameters. Highest concentration was observed mostly at Lower Sindh (Thatta, Badin) where sea water intrusion takes place, Tharparker and central Sindh. Principal Component Analysis and correlation analysis confirms positive association of As with Fe which could be the possible cause of As mobilization in Sindh ground water. The hydrogeochemical facies indicates that alkali (Na+) exceeds over alkaline earth metals (Ca2+, Mg2+) and Cl-and HCO3- exceeds over SO42- indicating saline water and carbonate weathering as the source of solutes in Sindh groundwater. Suitability of groundwater for drinking and agricultural purpose indicates that majority of the samples were very far from drinking water standards while few samples were considered unsuitable for agricultural purpose especially in the lower southern Sindh(Thatta, Badin and Tharparker). Proper drainage practices especially in the irrigated area and lower Sindh Province are recommended in order to reduce the water level and avoid sea water intrusion for better water quality.
机译：印度河流域代表了地下水和地表水的联合系统。由此产生了世界上最大的灌溉系统，该系统位于深冲积层和透水性良好的含水层之下，导致地下水位较高。目前，由于需要不断监测的大量农业活动，该地区面临地下水含水层污染的风险。在信德省共收集了218个地下水样品，并通过水化学分析对饮用水和农业用途进行了评估。将分析参数与世界卫生组织和巴基斯坦的水质标准进行了比较，发现大部分样品都不能饮用。发现EC样品中有62.84％，TDS为34.86％，Na +，43.88％Cl-，26.60％SO42-，39.44％HCO3-，41.7％浊度和35.32％硬度超过了WHO的标准饮用限量水。通过Arc使用插值技术。 GIS确定了主要地下水水质参数的空间分布。观察到最高浓度的地区主要是在发生海水入侵的下信德省（撒达，巴达），塔尔帕克和信德省中部。主成分分析和相关分析证实，砷与铁呈正相关，这可能是信德省地下水中砷迁移的可能原因。水文地球化学相表明碱金属（Na +）超过碱土金属（Ca2 +，Mg2 +），Cl-和HCO3-超过SO42-，表明咸水和碳酸盐风化是信德省地下水中溶质的来源。地下水对饮用水和农业用途的适用性表明，大多数样品与饮用水标准相差甚远，而很少有样品被认为不适合农业用途，尤其是在信德省南部（Thatta，Badin和Tharparker）。建议采取适当的排水措施，尤其是在灌区和信德省较低的地方，以减少水位并避免海水入侵，从而改善水质。

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