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Observational Learning in Sable Ferrets (Mustela putorius furo)

机译：黑貂雪貂的观察学习（Mustela putorius furo）

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From a cognitive perspective, observational learning can be operationally defined as a form of learning that does not require direct experience and/or reinforcement, i.e., learning by watching another individual's behavior (Hergenhahn, B.R. and M.H. Olson, An introduction to theories of learning, Prentice-Hall, Inc. pp. 319-351, 1993). This complex phenomenon (in contrast to simple imitative learning) is quite evident in Homo sapiens, but in the history of comparative psychology has not been thought to occur in nonhuman animals. For example, Thorndike (Psych. Rev., [Mon. Suppl., 2. No. 8], 1898; Psych. Rev., Mon., 3 (15), 1901) investigated observational learning with cats in a puzzle box problem solving task in which a naive cat in an adjoining cage would observe a sophisticated cat escape from a puzzle box. Thorndike, and subsequently Watson (Psych. Bull., 5. 1908), also explored observational learning with monkeys and concluded that nonhuman animals do not have the ability to learn behavior by watching other organisms. In more recent years, arguments have been made for the occurrence of observational learning in a variety of animal species including birds, otters, bears, porpoises, whales, and nonhuman primates (Griffin, D.R., Animal thinking, Harvard University Press. 237 pp., 1984), but others suggest that this ability is limited to primate species (Bailey M.B. and R.E. Bailey, Changing behavior-for the better, Henderson State Univ. Press. pp. 43-44, 1995). Nevertheless, in the spirit of comparative psychology, we opted to investigate the ability of sable ferrets to demonstrate observational learning.
机译：从认知的角度来看，观察性学习可以在操作上定义为不需要直接经验和/或强化的学习形式，即通过观察另一个人的行为进行学习（Hergenhahn，BR和MH Olson，《学习理论导论》，《 Prentice-Hall，Inc。第319-351页，1993）。这种复杂的现象（与简单的模仿学习相反）在智人中很明显，但是在比较心理学的历史中，尚未有人认为这种现象是在非人类动物中发生的。例如，Thorndike（Psych。Rev.，[Mon. Suppl。，2. No. 8]，1898; Psych。Rev.，Mon.，3（15），1901）研究了猫在拼图盒中的观察性学习。解决的任务是，一只幼稚的猫在毗邻的笼子里会观察到一只复杂的猫从拼图箱逃脱。 Thorndike和后来的Watson（Psych。Bull。，5. 1908）也探索了对猴子的观察性学习，并得出结论，非人类动物没有通过观察其他生物来学习行为的能力。近年来，关于观察学习在各种动物物种（包括鸟类，水獭，熊，海豚，鲸鱼和非人类灵长类动物）中发生的争论（格里芬，DR，动物思想，哈佛大学出版社.237页。 ，1984年），但其他人则认为这种能力仅限于灵长类动物（Bailey MB和RE Bailey，行为改变-变得更好，Henderson State Univ。Press。pp。43-44，1995）。尽管如此，本着比较心理学的精神，我们选择研究雪貂表现观察学习的能力。

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