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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers. Municipal Engineer >Spot improvements: safe, reliable access for rural communities
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Spot improvements: safe, reliable access for rural communities

机译：现场改进：为农村社区提供安全可靠的通道

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摘要

Throughout the developing world, many people live in rural communities. The tracks and roads upon which they depend are, in many cases, in poor condition: difficult in the dry season and impassable in the rains. This lack of access is the root cause of much rural poverty as it is difficult to achieve any development-social or economic-when isolated from schools, health facilities, centres of employment and markets. Most government budgets cannot provide all rural communities with a regularly maintained and passable road. However, if the ability to travel to a destination is prioritised over a smooth and uniform road surface, a possible solution emerges. Sites that are impassable, dangerous or at risk of imminent failure are improved; the rest remain unimproved. In this solution, vehicles can travel safely and reliably and the cost of the work is much less than a full improvement scheme. Roads are maintained and, as funds and traffic increase, more sites can be improved. This approach is known as 'spot improvements'. This paper describes key technical aspects of spot improvements, explains some problems faced and, using Mozambique as a case study, outlines how these problems can be addressed.
机译：在整个发展中国家，许多人生活在农村社区。在许多情况下，它们所依赖的轨道和道路状况很差：在旱季困难，在雨天无法通行。这种无法获得的机会是造成农村贫困的根本原因，因为与学校，卫生设施，就业中心和市场隔离开来，很难实现任何社会或经济发展。大多数政府预算无法为所有农村社区提供定期维护和通行的道路。但是，如果将行驶到目的地的能力优先于光滑，统一的路面，则可能出现解决方案。改善无法通行，危险或即将发生故障的站点；其余的都没有得到改善。在这种解决方案中，车辆可以安全可靠地行驶，并且工作成本远低于完整的改进方案。道路得以维护，并且随着资金和流量的增加，可以改善更多的站点。这种方法被称为“现场改进”。本文介绍了现场改进的关键技术方面，解释了所面临的一些问题，并以莫桑比克为案例研究，概述了如何解决这些问题。

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