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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >The chemistry of defense: theory and practice.
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The chemistry of defense: theory and practice.

机译：国防化学：理论与实践。

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摘要

Defensive chemicals used by organisms for protection against potential consumers are generally products of secondary metabolism. Such chemicals are characteristic of free-living organisms with a limited range of movement or limited control over their movements. Despite the fact that chemical defense is widespread among animals as well as plants, the vast majority of theories advanced to account for patterns of allocation of energy and materials to defensive chemistry derive exclusively from studies of plant-herbivore interactions. Many such theories place an undue emphasis on primary physiological processes that are unique to plants (e.g., photosynthesis), rendering such theories limited in their utility or predictive power. The general failure of any single all-encompassing theory to gain acceptance to date may indicate that such a theory might not be a biologically realistic expectation. In lieu of refining theory, focusing attention on the genetic and biochemical mechanisms that underlie chemical defense allocation is likely to provide greater insights into understanding patterns across taxa. In particular, generalizations derived from understanding such mechanisms in natural systems have immediate applications in altering patterns of human use of natural and synthetic chemicals for pest control.
机译：生物体用来防御潜在消费者的防御性化学物质通常是二次代谢的产物。这种化学物质是活动范围有限或活动受限的自由生物的特征。尽管事实上化学防御在动物和植物中广泛存在，但绝大多数理论已被用来解释防御化学中能量和材料的分配方式，这完全源于对植物-草食动物相互作用的研究。许多这样的理论过分地强调了植物特有的主要生理过程（例如光合作用），从而使这些理论的实用性或预测能力受到限制。迄今为止，任何单一的无所不包的理论普遍未能获得接受，可能表明该理论可能不是生物学上的现实期望。代替精炼理论，将注意力集中在构成化学防御分配基础的遗传和生化机制上，可能会为深入了解整个分类单元的模式提供更多见解。特别是，从对自然系统中的这种机制的理解中得出的概括可以立即应用于改变人类使用天然和合成化学物质进行有害生物控制的方式。

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