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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Paternal investment affects prevalence of malaria.
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Paternal investment affects prevalence of malaria.

机译：父亲投资会影响疟疾的流行。

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摘要

Both reproduction and parasite defense can be costly, and an animal may face a trade-off between investing in offspring or in parasite defense. In contrast to the findings from nonexperimental studies that the poorly reproducing individuals are often the ones with high parasite loads, this life-history view predicts that individuals with high reproductive investment will show high parasite prevalence. Here we provide an experimental confirmation of a positive association between parental investment levels of male great tits Parus major and the prevalence of Plasmodium spp, a hematozoa causing malaria in various bird species. We manipulated brood size, measured feeding effort of both males and females, and assessed the prevalence of the hemoparasite from blood smears. In enlarged broods the males, but not the females, showed significantly higher rates of food provisioning to the chicks, and the rate of malarial infection was found to be more than double in male, but not female, parents of enlarged broods. The findings show that there may be a trade-off between reproductive effort and parasite defense of the host and also suggest a mechanism for the well documented trade-off between current reproductive effort and parental survival.
机译：繁殖和寄生虫防御可能都代价高昂，而动物可能会在后代或寄生虫防御投资之间进行权衡。与非实验研究的结果相反，生殖不良的个体通常是寄生虫负荷高的个体，这种生活史观点预示了生殖投资高的个体将表现出较高的寄生虫患病率。在这里，我们提供了实验证明，雄性大山雀Parus major的父母投资水平与疟原虫spp的患病率呈正相关，疟原虫spp引起各种鸟类的疟疾。我们操纵了雏鸡的大小，测量了雄性和雌性的摄食量，并评估了血涂片中寄生虫的患病率。在扩大的育雏中，雄性而不是雌性对雏鸡的食物供应率显着更高，并且发现在育成的育成雄性中，雄性而不是雌性的疟疾感染率是母体的两倍以上。研究结果表明，生殖力和寄主的寄生虫防御之间可能需要权衡，并且还提出了一种机制，可以很好地证明当前生殖力和父母生存之间的权衡。

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