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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Head-specific gene expression in Hydra: Complexity of DNA protein interactions at the promoter of ksl is inversely correlated to the head activation potential
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Head-specific gene expression in Hydra: Complexity of DNA protein interactions at the promoter of ksl is inversely correlated to the head activation potential

机译：九头蛇中的头部特异性基因表达：在ksl启动子上的DNA蛋白质相互作用的复杂性与头部激活潜力成反比

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摘要

To gain insight into the molecular mecha- nisms that direct position-dependent gene expression in the simple and evolutionarily old metazoan Hydra, we have ex- amined DNA protein interactions in the 1.5-kb cis regulatory region of the head-specific gene ksl. In vitro footprinting and gel-retardation techniques have been used to map the location of all protein-binding sites. To our surprise, we found sub. stantially more proteins building to sk1 promoter elements in nuclear extract from basal (gastric) than from apical (head- and tentacle-formation zone) cells. One of these proteins is the homeobox protein Cnox-2. In the head regeneration-deficient mutant reg-I6, an increased level of nuclear Protein binds to its promoter elements. Treatment of polyps with the ksl. inducing phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol I3-acetate (TPA) resulted in reduced binding of nuclear proteins to the hl cis regulatory region. As activation of ksl transcription is correlated with the absence of nuclear proteins binding to the ksl promoter, we propose that the majority of these proteins act as transcriptional repressors. In this view, the gradient of head activation along the Hydra body axis is caused by a decreasing amount of inhibitory factors, rather than an increasing amount of activators, toward the head. Thus, inhibitory mechanisms might have Played a crucial role in regulating position-dependent gene activation during early metazoan evolution.
机译：为了深入了解指导简单而进化的后生动物Hydra位置依赖的基因表达的分子机制，我们研究了头部特异性基因ksl的1.5 kb顺式调控区域中的DNA蛋白相互作用。体外足迹和凝胶延迟技术已用于绘制所有蛋白质结合位点的位置图。令我们惊讶的是，我们找到了子。与来自顶端（触手和触手形成区）的细胞相比，从基底（胃）的核提取物中构建至sk1启动子元件的蛋白质要多得多。这些蛋白质之一是同源盒蛋白质Cnox-2。在头部再生不足的突变体reg-I6中，增加水平的核蛋白与其启动子元件结合。用ksl治疗息肉。诱导佛波酯12-O-十四烷酰佛波I3-乙酸酯（TPA）导致核蛋白与hI顺式调节区的结合减少。由于ksl转录的激活与不存在与ksl启动子结合的核蛋白有关，我们建议这些蛋白中的大多数充当转录阻遏物。在此视图中，沿Hydra身体轴的头部激活梯度是由朝向头部的抑制因子（而不是激活剂）数量减少而引起的。因此，抑制机制可能在后生动物早期进化过程中调节位置依赖性基因激活中起着至关重要的作用。

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