DNA chip technology enables simultaneous examination of how approx. 6,200 Sacchoromyces cerevisiae gene tran- script levels, representing the entire genome, respond to envi- ronmental change. By using chips bearing oligonucleotide ar- rays, we show that, after exposure to the alkylating agent methyl methanesulfonate, approx gene transcript levels are increased and approx. are decreased. Of the 21 genes that already were known to be induced by a DNA-damaging agent, 18 can be scored as inducible in this data set, and surprisingly, most of the newly identified inducible genes are induced even more strongly than these 18. We examined 42 responsive and 8 nonresponsive ORFs by conventional Northern blotting, and 48 of these 50 ORFs responded as they did by DNA chip analysis, with magnitudes displaying a correlation coefficient of 0.79. Responsive genes fall into several expected and many unexpected categories. Evidence for the induction of a program to eliminate and replace alkylated proteins is presented.
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