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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Biological impact on mineral dissolution: Application of the lichen model to understanding mineral weathering in the rhizosphere
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Biological impact on mineral dissolution: Application of the lichen model to understanding mineral weathering in the rhizosphere

机译：生物对矿物溶解的影响：地衣模型在了解根际矿物风化作用中的应用

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摘要

Microorganisms modify rates and mechanisms of chemical and physical weathering and clay growth, thus playing fundamental roles in soil and sediment formation. Because processes in soils are inherently complex and difficult to study, we employ a model based on the lichenmineral system to identify the fundamental interactions. Fixed carbon released by the photosynthetic symbiont stimulates growth of fuugi and other microorganisms. These microorganisms directly or indirectly induce mineral disaggregation, hydration, dissolution, and secondary mineral formation. Model polysaccharides were used to investigate direct mediation of mineral surface reactions by extracellular polymers. Polysaccharides can suppress or enhance rates of chemical weathering by up to three orders of magnitude, depending on the PH, mineral surface structure and composition, and organic functional groups. Mg, Mn, Fe, AI, and Si are redistributed into clays that strongly adsorb ions. Microbes contribute to dissolution of insoluble secondary phosphates, possibly via release of organic acids. These reactions signifi- cantly impact soil fertility. Below fungi-mineral interfaces, mineral surfaccs are exposed to dissolved metabolic byproducts. Through this indirect process, microorganisms can accelerate mineral dissolution, leading to enhanced porosity and permeability and colonization by microbial communities.
机译：微生物会改变化学和物理风化以及黏土生长的速率和机制，从而在土壤和沉积物的形成中发挥基本作用。由于土壤中的过程固有地复杂且难以研究，因此我们采用基于地衣矿物系统的模型来识别基本相互作用。光合共生体释放的固定碳刺激了富吉和其他微生物的生长。这些微生物直接或间接诱导矿物质的分解，水合作用，溶解和二次矿物质的形成。模型多糖用于研究细胞外聚合物对矿物表面反应的直接介导。多糖可以将化学风化速率抑制或提高多达三个数量级，具体取决于PH，矿物表面结构和成分以及有机官能团。 Mg，Mn，Fe，Al和Si重新分布到强烈吸收离子的粘土中。微生物可能通过释放有机酸来促进不溶性仲磷酸盐的溶解。这些反应显着影响土壤肥力。在真菌-矿物质的界面之下，矿物表面暴露于溶解的代谢副产物。通过这种间接过程，微生物可以加速矿物质溶解，从而导致孔隙度和渗透性增强，并被微生物群落定居。

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